[328] Georgian culture was influenced by Classical Greece, the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the various Iranian empires (notably the Achaemenid, Parthian, Sassanian, Safavid, and Qajar empires),[329][330][331][332] and later, from the 19th century, by the Russian Empire. The soil in vineyards is so intensively cultivated that the grapevines grow up the trunks of fruit trees eventually hanging down along the fruit when they ripen. ATLANTA (AP) Georgia Gov. 120 parliamentary seats were elected through proportional vote while 30 seats were elected through single mandate majoritarian constituencies. One of the most unusual traditions of dining is supra, or Georgian table, which is also a way of socializing with friends and family. [255] A perception of economic stagnation led to a 2019 survey of 1,500 residents finding unemployment was considered a significant problem by 73% of respondents, with 49% reporting their income had decreased over the prior year. Georgia was further weakened by several disastrous invasions by Tamerlane. The Constitution of Georgia guarantees freedom of speech. [248] As a result, budget revenues have increased fourfold and a once large budget deficit has turned into a surplus. [333], The Georgian language, and the Classical Georgian literature of the poet Shota Rustaveli, were revived in the 19th century after a long period of turmoil, laying the foundations of the romantics and novelists of the modern era such as Grigol Orbeliani, Nikoloz Baratashvili, Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, and Vazha-Pshavela. Other notable basketball players are two times Euroleague champion Giorgi Shermadini and Euroleague players Manuchar Markoishvili and Viktor Sanikidze. At present, the forest cover generally remains outside of the low-lying areas and is mainly located along the foothills and the mountains. [citation needed]. [334] The Georgian language is written in three unique scripts which, according to traditional accounts, were invented by King Pharnavaz I of Iberia in the 3rd century BC. [81], On 26 May, Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as the first President of independent Georgia. The extinction of the Iberian royal dynasties, such as Guaramids and the Chosroids,[42] and also the Abbasid preoccupation with their own civil wars and conflict with the Byzantine Empire, led to the Bagrationi family's growth in prominence. Georgia national basketball team qualified to EuroBasket during the last three tournaments since 2011. The tree line generally ends at around 1,800 metres (5,906ft) and the alpine zone takes over, which in most areas, extends up to an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,843ft) above sea level. [335][336], Georgia is known for its folklore, traditional music, dances, theatre, cinema, and art. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}4200N 4330E / 42.000N 43.500E / 42.000; 43.500. Cross-dome architecture developed in Georgia during the 9th century; before that, most Georgian churches were basilicas. [225], The landscape within the nation's boundaries is quite varied. Announces New Military Assistance Program for Georgia", "Why was Georgia not granted EU candidate status? This was nowhere else more publicly and violently opposed than in Georgia, where in 1956 riots broke out upon the release of Khrushchev's public denunciation of Stalin, which had to be dispersed by military force. [43] The successful defence against the Arabs, and new territorial gains, gave the Abkhazian princes enough power to claim more autonomy from the Byzantine Empire. On 2 March 2005, the agreement was signed on the provision of the host nation support to and transit of NATO forces and NATO personnel. [199] Since 2016 the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index hovers around 56 out of 100 points. The political struggle for control over the public broadcaster have left it without a direction in 2014 too. Georgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. University of Georgia Athletics has shared links on its social media for people wishing to support the families. There is an independent human rights public defender elected by the Parliament of Georgia to ensure such rights are enforced. [61] Despite a punitive campaign subsequently launched against Qajar Iran in 1796, this period culminated in the 1801 Russian violation of the Treaty of Georgievsk and annexation of eastern Georgia, followed by the abolition of the royal Bagrationi dynasty, as well as the autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church. [225], The term Lesser Caucasus Mountains is often used to describe the mountainous (highland) areas of southern Georgia that are connected to the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range by the Likhi Range. [175] On 13 December 2016, EU and Georgia reached the agreement on visa liberalization for Georgian citizens. Neighboring large empires subsequently exploited the internal division of the weakened country, and beginning in the 16th century up to the late 18th century, Safavid Iran (and successive Iranian Afsharid and Qajar dynasties) and Ottoman Turkey subjugated the eastern and western regions of Georgia, respectively. They are collectively known as the Georgian Defense Forces (GDF). These artillery attacks immediately caused Georgian servicemen to return fire periodically. Locate Northern Tool + Equipment retail stores in Georgia with helpful information including store address, open hours, driving directions + more so you can find the portable generators, pressure washers, air compressors and power tools that will help you complete any do-it-yourself project. Georgia: in the mountains of poetry 3rd rev. Saakashvili led the country from 2004 to 2013 but was later convicted in absentia on corruption charges and abuse of power, which he denied. [50], The 29-year reign of Tamar, the first female ruler of Georgia, is considered the most successful in Georgian history. [346] Among the best-known Georgian wine regions are Kakheti (further divided into the micro-regions of Telavi and Kvareli), Kartli, Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Adjara and Abkhazia. [11] As the Ottomans advanced into the Caucasian territories of the crumbling Russian Empire, Georgia declared independence on 26 May 1918. Also, the population registration system from birth to death was non-functional. [34], After the Roman Republic completed its brief conquest of what is now Georgia in 66 BC, the area became a primary objective of what would eventually turn out to be over 700 years of protracted Irano-Roman geo-political rivalry and warfare. [347] Counterfeiting problems stem from mislabelling by foreign producers and falsified Georgian Wine labels on wines produced outside of Georgia and imported into Russia under the auspices of being Georgian produced. South Ossetia is officially known by Georgia as the Tskinvali region, as it views "South Ossetia" as implying political bonds with Russian North Ossetia. The agriculture and industry output diminished. [353], Basketball was always one of the notable sports in Georgia, and Georgia had a few very famous Soviet Union national team members, such as Otar Korkia, Mikheil Korkia, Zurab Sakandelidze and Levan Moseshvili. On 29 October 2004, the North Atlantic Council of NATO approved the Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) of Georgia, and Georgia moved on to the second stage of Euro-Atlantic Integration. In general, the forests in eastern Georgia occur between 5002,000 metres (1,6406,562ft) above sea level, with the alpine zone extending from 2,0002,300 to 3,0003,500 metres (6,5627,546 to 9,84311,483ft). Romans erected the statue of the Iberian King Pharsman after he demonstrated Georgian training methods during his visit to Rome; Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union, democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration, Russia has since been occupying a portion of Georgia, first countries in the world to legalize cannabis, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty, International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Tensions between Georgia and Russia began escalating, ethnic cleansing against Georgians in South Ossetia, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Role of Georgia in the War in Afghanistan (20012021), Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Administrative divisions of Georgia (country), Georgian territory under Russian occupation, International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2014 General Population Census Main Results, Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, secular and irreligious segments of society, one of the oldest wine-producing countries, Index of Georgia (country)-related articles, " ", "2014 General Population Census Main Results General Information National Statistics Office of Georgia", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Georgia", "2014 General Population Census Main Results", "Consolidating Parliamentary Democracy in Georgia", "U.S. and Allies Blame Russia for Cyberattack on Republic of Georgia", "Now that's what you call a real vintage: professor unearths 8,000-year-old wine", "Evidence of ancient wine found in Georgia a vintage quaffed some 6,000 years BC", The Gold Mine of Sakdrisi and Earliest Mining and Metallurgy in the Transcausus and the Kura-Valley System, "UNESCO Ancient Georgian traditional Qvevri wine-making method", "Georgia iii. [276], Like most native Caucasian peoples, the Georgians do not fit into any of the main ethnic categories of Europe or Asia. [256], Georgia's telecommunications infrastructure is ranked the last among its bordering neighbours in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. [286] On the basis of that back-projection, Geostat has corrected its data for these years. NGO "Tolerance", in its alternative report about its implementation, speaks of a rapid decrease in the number of Azerbaijani schools and cases of appointing headmasters to Azerbaijani schools who do not speak the Azerbaijani language. Joseph Stalin, an ethnic Georgian born Iosif Vissarionovich Jugashvili ( ) in Gori, was prominent among the Bolsheviks. [305], Islam is represented by both Azerbaijani Shia Muslims (in the south-east) ethnic Georgian Sunni Muslims in Adjara, and Laz-speaking Sunni Muslims as well as Sunni Meskhetian Turks along the border with Turkey. [228] A number of large carnivores live in the forests, namely Brown bears, wolves, lynxes and Caucasian Leopards. [241][242] The World Bank dubbed Georgia "the number one economic reformer in the world" because it has in one year improved from rank 112th to 18th in terms of ease of doing business,[243] and by 2020 further improved its position to 6th in the world. Many Ossetians living in Georgia left the country, mainly to Russia's North Ossetia. [310], Despite the long history of religious harmony in Georgia,[311] there have been instances of religious discrimination and violence against "nontraditional faiths", such as Jehovah's Witnesses, by followers of the defrocked Orthodox priest Basil Mkalavishvili. [106], Russia accused Georgia of "aggression against South Ossetia",[107] and launched a large-scale land, air and sea invasion of Georgia with the pretext of "peace enforcement" operation on 8 August 2008. [193] The police introduced a 0-2-2 (currently, 1-1-2) emergency dispatch service in 2004. [317][319] As of 2016[update], 75 higher education institutions are accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia. Georgia is also subdivided into 76 municipalities 12 self-governing cities (including the city of Tbilisi) and 64 communities. Russian rule offered the Georgians security from external threats, but it was also often heavy-handed and insensitive. The colony's corporate charter was granted to [12][13] It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index. [347], The most popular sports in Georgia are football, basketball, rugby union, wrestling, judo, and weightlifting. 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