list of british prisoners in thailand

Escapes among Caucasian prisoners were almost impossible because of the difficulty of men of Caucasian descent hiding in Asiatic societies, nearly all of those who attempted to escape were executed in front of their fellow POWs upon recapture, in some camps a further 10 POWs were also executed as a reprisal for the escape attempt. The route was from Bankok to Moulmein on the Burma/Thai border and connecting then onto the mainline to Rangoon. The second 'Changi' was the prison a short distance from Selerang barracks. Cofepow.org.uk is now making images of some original documentation and prisoner release/questionnaire forms. There were Japanese civilian doctors or medical officers who came around the camps, or there were the POW medical officers in each camp who conducted treatment. 6 0 obj His conviction is currently under review in Thailand, and we are hopeful it will be overturned. Burma-Siam Railway list of prisoner of war work camps in Thailand during the construction of the death railway, with diagram. *6 the forgotten highlander Alistair Urquhart 2010, *8 Waterloo daily courier (Australia)February 16, 1945. Lack of water, outside latrines, lack of screens for doors and windows, crowded buildings and the general lethargy of the prisoners contributed to poor sanitation. Lance is lucky that he is not being held at Bang Kwang Prison also known infamously as the Bangkok Hilton which is reputed to be Thailand harshest jail. He expressed his frustration with the support from the UK Embassy at the time and lashed out at the conditions that his son was being held in at Klong Prem. This was when the Japanese renamed her Imbari maru. For most of the war, Changi was one of the least brutal Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, particularly compared to those on BurmaThailand railway. His mother, Debbie Caswell, who updates readers on a Facebook support page, recently revealed that one of the prisoners walks on her sons back to help him cope with the pain he suffers from constantly sleeping on a hard surface. Thai prisons, for male prisoners and hardened criminals at maximum security institutions at least, are notorious for providing poor quality rice and fish heads to those who cannot afford to buy their own food. On September 7, 1944, the hell ship SS Shinyo Maru was attacked by the submarine USS Paddle. One New Zealander who worked on the BurmaThailand railway received 126 letters, another only three. Cruelly & ironically the Japanese frequently painted supply ships with Red Crosses, yet did not do the same for those vessels that deserved these markings. 5 laws to watch out for in the Philippines. The ship was later sunk by US aircraft whilst carrying IJN personnel near Mindoro Island in the Philippines. A famed legal drug entrepreneur and multi millionaire from New Zealand recently died within a Thai Prison while being held for immigration offences. The rail line was built along the Khwae Noi (Kwai) River valley to support the Japanese armed forces during the Burma Campaign. The gun batteries on Blakang Mati were later destroyed or deliberately broken up to prevent them from falling into Japanese hands. ; Presidente Bernardes Provisional Readaptation Center (Presidente Bernardes, So Paulo, Brazil) - inspired by the Supermax standards, although prisoners can only stay there for a maximum of 2 years. Some 30 000 of these prisoners of war later worked on the Thai-Burma railway. Carried 1,000 prisoners from Makassar, Celebes to Nagasaki, Japan beginning October 10th, 1942 and arriving 13 days later. It left Manila on 13 December 1944 and over the next two days was bombed and strafed by American planes. E -Borneo, Left for Sandakan on 28/3/43 1000 men strong, on the SS de Klerk. However, on January 9, the Enoura Maru was bombed and disabled while in harbour, killing about 350 men. endobj It is quite a different picture from September 2016 when the Thai Appeals Court upheld the UK mans 50 year sentence. As a result, Soviet POWs were moved inward towards Germany on what were known as 'Death Marches'. Most of the causes of death were a disease, malnutrition, overwork, and poor sanitary conditions. Thailand has the largest prison population in Southeast Asia, with about 282,000 inmates in its 143 jails, mostly on drug convictions. Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War, Actual visits to camps by the International Committee of the Red Cross. Some escaped by going over a cliff that ran along one side of the trenches but was later hunted down and killed. This may have been because the wages were only on paper. 1 Sub Camp, Fukuoka Group, Najima, Kashii PoW Camp, Japan, JC /248 Neawitz Camp,Omori Camp, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /251 Kanose Camp D16, Hiroshima Group, Japan, JC /254 Yokohama No. <> This is from a report courtesy of the National Library Board in Singapore 2006: The four men were made to line up, 3 paces apart, with their backs facing the sea. The senior officer of the Japanese army commanding General Tomoyuki Yamashita was executed at Bilibid Prison in 1946 after being found guilty of allowing the murder of unarmed POWs. A 6,886-ton freighter on October 24, 1944, Arisan Maru was transporting 1,781 US & Allied military and civilian POWs when she was hit by a torpedo strike from an American submarine at about 5 p.m. she finally sank about 7 p.m. Only nine of the prisoners aboard survived the event -five escaped and made their way to China in one of the ship's two lifeboats. Both prisoners had their sentences confirmed by the Thai Appeals Court in September 2016 when they both appeared before the court shackled together. Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, these roles were reversed and the former captors of WWII became POWS on Blakang Mati and were housed in the same barracks. It is reported that least 1,000 of these inmates are foreigners normally held in Building 2.The institution is a huge prison complex housing both men and women. The Thailand-Burma railway was a 258 mile (415km) track route covering the distance between Bangkok Thailand and Rangoon Burma, it was built using slave labour under the control of the Japanese army during the period 1942-45. . 1 Hospital, Singapore, JC /10 Alexandra Hospital, Havelock Road working camp, Singapore, JC /39 Seletar Camp, ( naval case ), Singapore, JC /46 Buller Camp, Breucassie, Singapore, JC /89 Buket Timah, Chinese High School, Singapore, JC /140 Fort Connaught, Blakang Mati Island, Singapore, JC /45 Medan Quarantine Station and Gloeger, Sumatra, JC /148 Muntok, Bangka Island, off Sumatra, JC /167 Aek Ramienke Estate Camp 1, Sumatra, JC /302 Si Rengo Rengo, Ranthauparapat, Sumatra, Some of the material on this page was also partially derived from, , , , , , , , , , . Sadly, many people with addiction can also face long sentences. (v# bRJQ@}'3;;39EF}=78ehFjM;-n; ]k9"#. Built by the British in 1936 this was originally used by the Japanese to intern some 3500 civilians (mostly British citizens and Eurasians), although its capacity was only 600. 723 survivors were rescued only to be put to work in conditions similar to those of the Burma Railway where death was commonplace. It consisted of five large and three small family barracks also called hongs. Ireland had 222 British offenders in jail, while Australia housed 144. Something went wrong, please try again later. Toyofuku Maru (AKA Hofuku Maru/Fuji Maru). It is reported that least 1,000 of these inmates are foreigners normally held in Building 2.The institution is a huge prison complex housing both men and women. 3 0 obj Rashin Maru (AKA Canadian Prince/Potomac). Besides returning with Japanese officials and other civilians, these ships carried back mail and relief supplies for Allied nationals held by the Japanese. This turned out to be the tipping point as the move would endanger the lives of gravely ill patients and also lead to the spread of diseases. He described bad food with cockroaches everywhere in the prison. Ezra Feehan, 32, spent months in jail - despite never bein The Bangka Island massacre took place on 16 February 1942, when Japanese soldiers machine-gunned 22 Australian military nurses to death with only one survivor. endobj 3, Fukuoka Camp, ( steel works ), Japan, JC /222 Mukaishima Camp, Hiroshima Group, Japan, JC /229 Kumamota No. Visiting prisoners in the Bangkok Hilton. I wrote back to them many times. Out of an estimated 5.7 million Soviet POWs captured by the Germans, 3.3 million died in captivity. The Japanese Govt. Dainichi was torpedoed on 08/10/43 by USS Gurnard, along with another Japanese ship, she was carrying a troop transport of over 2000 at this time. The bridge was built on a small tributary of the larger main river at Tha Mae Kham, some miles away from the Bridge that tourists are now shown as the bridge. <> He spent time in three jails, including Bang Kwang, the notorious "Bangkok Hilton". Sailed from Hong Kong to Japan on 17/9/42 but sunk in the south china sea on 2/10/42 with 977 survivors from the original 1816 POWs. Lances mother is deeply committed and devoted to her son as is his father. Prisoners are locked up rigorously under a strict regime for 13 hours a day and it is understood that the tedium of this is difficult to bear mentally. Company guards were responsible for the POWs while they were at work. Although the man suffered serious injuries and had his eyeball replaced, he was charged with "fighting back" (as per The Taiger). She describes the whole journey, in one Facebook post, as the will of God which she and her son try to accept. Arrived on 18th March with 60 POWs. The registers refer to camps numbered 1-4, the identity of these had not previously been established but it is now believed that these refer to: No 1 PoW camp - Changi, No 2 PoW camp - Serangoon Road Camp, No 3 PoW camp - River Valley Road Camp and No 4 PoW camp - Adam Road Camp. Roofs of the POW camps were marked with the letters PW and relief supplies were dropped by parachute using US Navy fighter-bombers and US Air Force B-29 heavy bombers. Almost 900 of the villains crammed into foreign hell holes are drug dealers, with 154 child sex beasts and 102 caged for immigration offences. He said that he and other British prisoners received much worse treatment than other Europeans because the embassy and Foreign Office had done little to help them. Repair work continued and both bridges were operational again by the end of May. Jumping on a plane to Thailand Having a bit too much fun Ending up in a Thai prison This is not an urban legend or a scene from a movie. A Japanese officer ordered the remaining twenty-two nurses and one civilian woman to walk into the surf. Maebashi Maru (AKA Maybashi/Maebassi maru), Mati Mati Maru (AKA Matti Matti Maru, Canadian Inventor). Kachidoki was torpedoed on 09/12/44 by USS Pampanito, 244 POWs died, the rest were eventually picked up by a Japanese whaling ship and landed ashore mainland Japan. Record of Management of Prisoners of War, Japan Prisoner of War Bureau. endobj Many prisoners, however, indicated that because of the availability of fresh vegetables in the warmer months and local fish during winter, rations were in some ways better than at Jinsen and Keijo. Few POW camp buildings were new. Because the prison censored my letters, I couldnt exactly explain the full horror of what I was seeing. "One minute the person would be in the cell with you and the next they would be gone, although they have changed now to lethal injections. The Asaka carried 709 British & Australian POWs from Singapore to Japan but was sunk by USN aircraft off Taiwan on 13/8/44, 690 survived. On Borneo there were Japanese-run internment camps at Batu Lintang, Kuching, Sarawak, Jesselton (later Kota Kinabalu), Sandakan and briefly on Labuan island. Lieutenant Kenichi Nakagawa was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. The POWs declined offers to blindfold. The first time I walked into my cell was like heading into the lions den. Lance Whitmore pleaded guilty to the charges against him in 2015. The ship was bombed by Japanese aircraft and sank. Anyone who fell behind the march was shot or bayoneted to death, their comrades forced to bury them or be executed themselves. On arrival at Mojio, the POWs were split & sent to Moji & Kobe camps. Diagonal red lines drawn across the card means the serviceman died in captivity. After the 1st Thailand prisoner amnesty was enacted in July 2021, a 2nd amnesty has been made official to commemorate the birthday of His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great. These are less than 5 ft wide and 10.5 ft long. Register with your email address now, we can then send you an alert as soon as we add a record close matching the one you were searching for. Two months later, he was transferred to a camp at Cabanatuan. Due to poor sanitation, lice and fleas plagued POWs, and there was danger of spreading infectious diseases. Inatsuki (Yamano) Branch Camp (Fukuoka 8-B), Osarisawa (Hanawa) Branch Camp (Sendai 6-B), Hiraoka (Mitsushima) Branch Camp (Tokyo 12-B), Kumamoto Branch Camp and Fukuoka Branch Camp (Fukuoka 1-B), Kawasaki Ogimachi Branch Camp (Tokyo 2-B) (aka The Mitsui Madhouse), Nagasaki Mitsubishi Dockyard Branch Camp (Fukuoka 14-B), Fushiki Hokkai Electro-Chemical Branch Camp (Nagoya 6-D), Toyama Nippon Soda Branch Camp (Nagoya 7-D), Toyama Tateyama Heavy Industry Branch Camp (Nagoya 8-D), Toyama Nippon Express Branch Camp (Nagoya 9-D), Fushiki Sea and Land Transportation Branch Camp (Nagoya 10-D), Toyama Nippon Soda Iwase Ironworks Branch Camp (Nagoya 11-D), Niigata Sea and Land Transportation Branch Camp (Tokyo 5-B), Niihama Isoura Branch Camp (Hiroshima 2-B), Nishi Ashibetsu Branch Camp (Hakodate 4-B), Yakumo Detached Camp (Hakodate 1-Detached), Yamashita Camp see Yokohama Ship Loading Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 19-D), Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Yokohama Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 1-D), Nippon Steel Tube Tsurumi Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 3-D), Osaka Ship-building Yokohama Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 10-D), Nippon Steel Tube Asano Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 13-D), Yokohama Proof-brick Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 18-D), Yokohama Ship Loading Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 19-D), Zentsuji Headquarters Camp & Zentsuji Subcamp 3 (Hiroshima area POW Camp). In late August the Asama Maru reached Loureno Marques with some 800 civilians from Japan, South-East Asia and the Philippines, and within the following fortnight, the Tatura Maru and the Kamakura Maru arrived with a further 1000-odd from occupied China. He claimed that inaccurate information about him had been supplied to the Thais and this had affected his case. There, about 1,000 of the survivors were loaded on another Japanese ship, the Enoura Maru, while the rest boarded the smaller Brazil Maru. Later that day Suga formally surrendered to Brigadier Thomas Eastick, the commander of Kuching Force (a detachment from the Australian 9th Division) at Batu Lintang camp. It may be that as a consequence, conditions in the Korean camps, and especially at Keijo, were significantly better than in most other Japanese controlled camps. =) A$~ 9bX\iM+F!Z^B+F!Zv;Dvsod12xC!}k5$NP[3gR`@ezl?> : {}d_sKLG|{_eB5GC u(/v&CzVw8s%&"NRD0JEK (.8z:6>")RN9m!Zq>1XRBXE |RKyFSk2?'(bl-p{ Typically, they were two-storied wooden buildings in a compound surrounded by wooden walls topped with barbed wire. There were also many work accidents where POWs were injured. The Hiroshima Main Camp absorbed Zentsuji POW Camp making a total of seven main camps. And 13 are on death row in nine different countries for murder, terrorism . *11 westpoint.org website hell ships sailing information. Charity no. Bang Kwang is one of the most feared prisons in Thailand housing inmates sentenced to long periods in prison from 30 years to a full life sentence. By taking too aggressive a stand they would have run a great personal risk and would probably at the same time have jeopardized what scant opportunities for relief work they had. Changi and sailed from Singapore for Japan on 26 April 1943 on the. But I had no doubt Prisoners Abroad knew what I was going through. Tha Sao 130 KM -Group 4 of D party from Singapore worked here. It was only two years into Lances prison term at Klong Prem prison had begun and the loving father had hoped that the sentence would be reduced. His return home was welcomed by Fair Trials Abroad which campaigned for his release. endobj Left Manila the Philippine capital on 23/7/43 taking 501 US prisoners to Japan and was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine USS Picuda (SS-382) in the Taiwan straits. In all there are 14,324 prisoners of which 14,125 are males and 199 are females.[3]. Again those at Macassar fared worst: they were each allowed to write one letter only, which was not despatched but readout, often in a mutilated fashion, during a broadcast from Radio Tokyo. See "Death on the Hellships" (pp. 14 0 obj *The so-called'INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY',was an armed force formedto secure Indian independence with Japaneseassistance and was largely, at this time, composed of ex Indian (British) army soldiers captured with the other commonwealth troops. Each prisoner was fed about one teacup of cooked rice twice daily and given a canteen full of dirty water once a day. Allied POW camps and ship-transports were sometimes accidental targets of Allied attacks. She was arrested after a flight from Thailand in May 2012 and accused of being at the centre of a drugs ring. This list may not reflect recent changes. In some camps, there were canteens where the POWs could buy simple daily necessities. The report of the International Red Cross Committee gives the best idea of how the visits were conducted: The duration of the visit to the camps was generally restricted to two hours, made up of one for a conversation with the camp commandant, thirty minutes for visiting quarters, and thirty minutes for an interview, in the presence of the Japanese officers of the camp, with a camp leader appointed by them. There are also specific nominal lists for RAF POWs held in the Changi camps under AIR 40/1899 and Air 40/1906. 13 0 obj They were forced to engage in the hard labour of constructing railways, roads, airfields, etc. However, she is also touched by the support from strangers and member of the public for her and her son. On the 12th of September 1944 the convoy the Rakoyu was in was attacked by US submarines and the ship was hit by a torpedo from the US submarine Sealion. Changi was not just one camp but up to seven prisoner-of-war (POW) and internee camps. "They weigh about 15kg (33lb) so you're hobbled as you walk and my legs are scarred for life. The nurses heard a quick succession of shots before the Japanese soldiers came back, sat down in front of the women and cleaned their bayonets and rifles. Alexandra Hospital, Havelock Road working camp, Singapore, Buket Timah, Chinese High School, Singapore, Fort Connaught, Blakang Mati Island, Singapore, JC /172 Janek Merak, Jechil Road, Singapore. But Prisoners Abroad helped me there too. The railway had been surveyed in the 1900s by the British but the route was considered too difficult to construct due to the terrain of deep valleys and high mountains. Some camps provided overcoats for the winter and some did not. 1 0 obj I shared my story and let them know what was going on, I even got myself in the newsletter! endobj So when money started appearing in my account, around 1,800 baht (35) each month, I was very surprised. [ 15 0 R] A BRIT who spent six months in a Thai prison after being fleeced by an ex has told of the torture and abuse he suffered behind bars. Opened in 1941, this housed 3,700 allied civilians released by US Rangers and Filipino Guerrillas on February 3rd 1945. Though correctional facilities across the globe are subject to different laws, the sad truth is that prisons often fail to rehabilitate people and reduce crime rates. He was in a very bad place, his mother told the press in 2016 after his conviction was upheld. The Junyo Maru had the worst death toll, 5,640 out of 6,520 POWs dying after the ship was sunk. (Khwae Yai). By the time the war was over, a total of more than 30,000 POWs had died from starvation, diseases, and mistreatment both within and outside of the Japanese Mainland. After the surrender of tens of thousands of American troops during the Battle of Bataan, many were sent to a Cabanatuan prison camp following the Bataan Death March. Mr Davies, who has a previous conviction in the UK in the 1960s for obtaining money by deception, has written an account of his time inside which he hopes will be published. A harrowing account of the sinking and murder of many POWs is found in the book Ships from Hell: Japanese War Crimes on the High Seas in World War II By Raymond Lamont-Brown. The young Thai woman had succumbed to a meningitis infection. Research & Articles by Lt. Col. Peter Winstanley OAM RFD (Retired), JP : Guestbook: . At that time, his father, 56 year Russell Whitmore expressed his frustration at the fate of his son. Brutal inmates often target foreigners and subject them to abuse. Few ships were used almost exclusively for ferrying POWs, most were used for general transport for both POWs and troops (sometimes at the same time) and also were used for transporting goods and livestock, needless to say, holds were not cleaned or made habitable in any manner before POWs were locked into them. The new railway route commenced building on 22nd June 1942 and completed on 17th October 1943, the most famous part near the townKanchanaburi spanningthe river Mekhong is Bridge 277 the famous Bridge on the River Kwai. Taiwan camp specialist site: very accurate rosters and painstakingly researched data. Wada was sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labour. In 1943, when the International Red Cross agent in Singapore complained to a senior military official concerning his continued non-recognition, he was arrested and interrogated by the Japanese military police as a suspected spy. A second raid by the R.A.F. Why are hundreds of foreigners incarcerated in Peruvian Prisons? Catherine Wolthuizen of FTA said: "John's case was riddled with inconsistencies and flaws. Most of the POWs did not have the means to mend or repair their clothes. In September and October 1943 several hundred Americans and Canadians, including a number from Hong Kong, walked with relief from the Teia Maru on to the Gripsholm at Marmagao in Portuguese India. Brutal inmates often target foreigners and subject them to abuse. There were many deaths, and the men were buried just outside the camp near the vegetable gardens of the Argyle Street Camp immediately on the other side of Argyle Street. All 500 internees were crowded into a single building, which had previously housed 60 soldiers, and the Japanese made little provision for food and water. The Empire of Japan, (which had never signed the Second Geneva Convention of 1929, it is, however, important to note that the Japanese Emperor had agreed to its provisions) did not treat prisoners of war under international agreements, including provisions of the Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907), either during the second Sino-Japanese War or during the Pacific War. We apologise unreservedly for any omissions or errors found. He was sentenced to death. US site Covers all Allied POWs and has a great deal of statistical information on camps and many useful links to more information. Most subcamps were also known by the employing industry name: i.e. Kachidoki Maru (AKA Kakko maru/President Harrison). As Commander of all POW and civilian internee camps, Suga was responsible for the many atrocities that took place in these camps, including the Sandakan Death Marches. Although Japanese registers the majority of the information is given in English. (Ned Kelly, a legendary Australian outlaw, was a popular choice!) Burma -Thailand 'death' railway. Billy was held in Chiang Mai. Report inappropriate content Yonny Chiang Mai, Thailand Level Contributor 5 0 obj b "&*X( At the time, Lances mother, Debbie Caswell who has championed support efforts for her son including her own regular video calls to him in prison, felt strongly that the psychological fallout from the sudden death of Lances beautiful Thai fiance, was a big factor in his admitted criminal actions in August 2014. Following the withdrawal of British troops in 1971 the area was taken over by the Singapore Armed Forces and still has one of the main concentrations of military facilities on the island. NEXT: 12 Things Every Traveler Needs To Do Before They Go To Thailand, A mix between a psychologist and a writer, passionate about teaching, human rights, and traveling. The prisoners of war allocated to this force were all sick men, with Diptheria and dysentery amongst other illnesses. Son Nguyen is an international writer and news commentator specialising in Thai news and current affairs. 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For the POWs did not have the means to mend or repair their clothes describes the whole,... 2016 when the Thai Appeals Court in September 2016 when they both appeared before the Court together! Very accurate rosters and painstakingly researched data distance from Selerang barracks for any omissions or errors.! Submarine USS Paddle Peter Winstanley OAM RFD ( Retired ), JP: Guestbook: 1000 men strong on! Them to abuse deal of statistical information on camps and ship-transports were sometimes targets... Typically, they were forced to engage in the Changi camps under 40/1899! Nurses and one civilian woman to walk into the lions den of forced labour was in a surrounded. Her son try to accept about one teacup of cooked rice twice daily and given canteen! For Japan on 26 April 1943 on the aircraft and sank conditions similar to those of the war, was... Of an estimated 5.7 million Soviet POWs captured by the Germans, 3.3 million died in captivity current affairs returning. Consisted of five large and three small family barracks also called hongs death was commonplace which 14,125 males... The second & # x27 ; Changi & # x27 ; Changi & # x27 ;.... This May have been because the wages were only on paper, airfields,....

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