[31] Larger particles fell closer to the volcano, while smaller particles were carried farther. [60] This eruption was the last effusive eruption of Lascar, when later lava domes are excluded. Carbon in the gases may come from skarn assimilation. [47] In these valleys, the ignimbrite can be as much as 60 metres (200ft) thick. [67] The vent was no wider than 2 kilometres (1.2mi), as it is completely hidden beneath the western cone. [35] With a surface area of 54 square kilometres (21sqmi), the volcano has a volume of 15 cubic kilometres (3.6cumi). There are many fumaroles along the rim of the inner crater. [76] The chemistry of Lascar's rocks is fairly similar to those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano. [34] This lava flow is known as the TumbresTalabre lava flow; its margins are 1040 metres (33131ft) high, and it features a central channel. The seismicity was the most notable recorded since the eruption on 10 December. [110] There are temporal variations in the output: after a decrease in 2009, sulfur output increased in 2012, probably as a consequence of the arrival of new magma at depth. Which volcano to choose? [181] These flows reached a thickness of about 510 metres (1633ft) and advanced through the Quebrada de Talabre, which had intercepted the flows on the northern flank. [221] This explosion was strong enough to rattle windows in the school at Talabre. Unmanned aerial vehicles,[236] occasional reconnaissance flights and infrequent visits to the volcano are also used. [36][70] The Miscanti Line dissects the Quaternary basement beneath Lascar,[71] and it may be a hinge of a fold that is being propagated by faults. [59] An eruption commenced at 11:35 local time on 18 April 2006. [145] The ignimbrite features three facies, one rich in breccia, another rich in pumice, and a normal ignimbrite. A major eruption occurred at the Lascar Volcano. The large eruption gave rise to a pyroclastic flow that extended 27 kilometres (17mi) westward and contained breccia and various magmas. [227], The National Geology and Mining Service of Chile considers Lascar Chile's 14th most dangerous volcano,[237] and in 2020 classified it as a "type I" volcano. [56] Measurements made from 1961 to 1997 determined that the eastern crater is 1 kilometre (0.62mi) wide and 150200 metres (490660ft) deep[57] and thus the largest,[53] the central crater is 600 metres (2,000ft) wide and 100200 metres (330660ft) deep, and the western crater is 800 metres (2,600ft) wide and 200300 metres (660980ft) deep,[57] increasing to 400 metres (1,300ft) depth in 20052006. [86], The Soncor deposit was subsequently affected by glaciation[67] and the stage I edifice by a debris avalanche,[39] which was radiocarbon dated at 22,310 +2,700/2000 years ago in the Quebrada de Chaile. Sept. 9, 2022. This way, topographic details can be scanned over large areas with great precision and in relatively little time. It is an andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano with six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center. [128][47] Most present-day activity consists of the release of fumarolic gas with additional vulcanian activity that generates eruption columns several kilometres high,[129] typically every three or two years[128] and half of the time during austral spring[7] as well as active deformation of the three active craters observed in interferometric synthetic-aperture radar. [89], The oldest volcanic activity at Lascar occurred between 220,000[6] and less than 50,000 years ago. Some of the material came from the conduit walls. [156] The frequent smaller explosive events commonly occur unexpectedly and can thus endanger people on the mountain. [44] The end of glaciation may have accompanied an increase in volcanic activity, a phenomenon that has been noted at other volcanoes. Light, dark, and banded pumice are mixed in this flow. [44] East of Lascar lies the La Pacana caldera. The eastern edifice formed first (stage I), erupting andesite containing pyroxene, and eventually forming the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows. [63] The formation of the first cone at Lascar may have been facilitated by the intersection between the Miscanti Line and another eastwest lineament[72] formed by PliocenePleistocene tectonic compression of the region,[73] and the lineament would have worked as an ascent path for magma. [7] As of 2017[update], stockbreeding and farming were the principal economic activities in Talabre. Flashcards. [36], Lascar is a steep volcano[7] formed by two irregularly shaped truncated cones that extend eastwest,[52][53] on a trend that includes Aguas Calientes. [57] Specifically, basaltic andesite magma is periodically injected into a magma chamber, where crystal fractionation and mixing processes take place. [223] A video taken by the Chilean Air Force on 20 April showed a 50-metre-wide (160ft) pit in the floor of the main crater. Landforms over this basement include ignimbrites, lava domes, and stratovolcanoes. [54], Large lava flows are noticeable on the flanks of the volcano,[34] with a total of eight lava flows recognized. [107][108] In 2005, Lascar was the third-largest source of volcanic sulfur dioxide in the world among continuously active volcanoes, behind Etna in Italy and Bagana in Papua-New Guinea. [177], The eruption columns underwent several collapses, creating pyroclastic flows at least seven to nine times. [67] Additional component minerals found at Lascar include anorthite, augite bordering on diopside, bronzite, fassaite, forsterite, hypersthene, pigeonite and more. 287 (2014) 5167]", "First geochemical survey of fumarolic gases from Lascar volcano (Central Andes, Chile)", "Linking magmatic processes and magma chemistry during the post-glacial to recent explosive eruptions of Ubinas volcano (southern Peru)", Peligros volcnicos de la Zona Norte de Chile, "Sistema Nacional de Proteccion Civil Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Volcan Popocatepetl Estudios Realizados Durante La Crisis de 1994-1995 Comite Cientifico Asesor Cenapred-Unam", "Satellite images uncertainty: eruption or resuspension? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [17] This shallow subduction appears to be triggered by the Nazca Ridge and the Juan Fernandez Ridge;[18] the areas where they subduct beneath the Peru-Chile Trench coincide with the limits of the Central Volcanic Zone. [92] The conditions at the magma chamber may be comparable to these under which epithermal mineral deposits form. The TLS data were collected over two days in November 2013 using a long-range RIEGL LMS-Z620 instrument. [50] These domes cover a surface area of about 90 square kilometres (35sqmi). Maintaining our website and our free apps does require, however, considerable time and resources. Two types of Plate boundaries are often associated with volcanic eruptions: Plates rip apart at a divergent plate boundary, causing volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes; and At a convergent plate boundary, one plate dives or "subducts" beneath the other, resulting in a variety of earthquakes and a line of volcanoes on the overriding plate. [141] The Plinian deposit has a colour ranging from white to creamy. Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. Eruptions in 1972 and 1974 are uncertain. Get started for FREE Continue. The Soncor magma chamber may have been too deep to collapse when it was emptied, explaining why no significant caldera was formed. [180] Ash from this eruption was identified in ice cores from Illimani[200] while sulfates reportedly appeared in ice taken from the Arctic and Antarctica. along with periodic larger eruptions that produced ash and tephra fall up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano. The whole volcano did not deform during the eruption sequence. Explosive eruptions are the greatest hazard at Lascar. [81], Magma erupted by Lascar appears to form from the mixing of mafic and more evolved magmas; the 1993 eruption deposits contain bands of different rocks. Both plates are capped by oceanic crust. lascar volcano. [195], These flows took a long time to cool down; in the Quebrada Tumbres, they had not cooled down completely by December 1993. [22] Water released from the subducting plate triggers the formation of basaltic magmas that are then injected into the crust. Lascar is a stratovolcano in Chile within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. [20], Of these volcanic zones, the Central Volcanic Zone of which Lascar is a member of[21] is the largest, covering parts of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. [242] In 1982,[243] the town of Talabre was moved for safety reasons[52] stemming from flooding and volcanic activity,[243] and ballistic blocks ejected by the volcano are a threat to mountaineers and scientists working on Lascar. Plate tectonics has an influence on every part of the world. It has a volume of 56 cubic kilometres (1.21.4cumi). Lascar is on the centre-left, Aguas Calientes right. [23], About 122 volcanoes with Holocene eruptions exist in the Andean Volcanic Belt, including Ojos del Salado which with a height of 6,887 metres (22,595ft) is the highest volcano in the world. [30] Also fumarolically active are: Sabancaya, El Misti, Ubinas, Tacora, Isluga, Irruputuncu, Olca, Ollague, San Pedro, Putana and Lastarria. [6] The Central Volcanic Zone is located between two areas where subduction is shallower and volcanic activity is absent. What plate is forming lascar volcano? [3] Other names for the volcano are Hlscar,[4] Hlascar, Ilascar, Kar Las, Laskar, Toconado and Toconao. [155] Glaciers in the region reached their maximum size at that time. Trenches mark subduction zones. [104], Gases are partly supplied from shallow magma; the volume of magma erupted is too small to contain all the exhalations. It is an andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano with six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center. [139] The Soncor fallout deposit contains a basal gravelly layer and several layers of andesitic and dacitic pumice which also contain lithics. [247] In 1993, yearly precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres (0.098 to 0.791in). Lascar Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ISOLATED PUFF AT 1545 to 27000 ft (8200 m) Thu, 3 Feb 2022, 00:26 Lascar (Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 26 January-1 February 2022 (NEW) SERNAGEOMIN reported minor increases in surficial activity at Lscar. [47][158] The Tumbres-Talabre flow was originally considered to be of late-19th-century age. [129], A monitoring network has been built around the volcano beginning from 2010. [152], Later, a new stratovolcano grew over the Soncor vent. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [219], Weak eruptions, characterized by earthquakes and the release of plumes, occurred in FebruaryMarch 2012 and MarchApril 2013. [86], The magma chamber of Lascar appears to lie at depths of 1017 kilometres (6.210.6mi),[87] although the lack of deformation of the edifice during the 1993 eruption indicates that it may be deeper, over 2530 kilometres (1619mi) or even over 40 kilometres (25mi) deep. [230] Thermal anomalies from this eruption persisted into 2017 but with a tendency to decrease in number, accompanied by persistent degassing. lascar volcano volcano type stratco or composite eruption history volcano location type of lava flow eruption type last eruption:October 31 Chile andesite plate boundaries and where the volcano is formed or located how lascar was formed plate boundaries: convergent subduction. It probably started shrinking in April 1992, although the shrinkage was directly visible only in November. [127] The volcano persistently features a tall plume of water and sulfur dioxide. [101] The fumarole gases react with surrounding rocks, forming precipitates and altered rocks. [1][39] Aguas Calientes is older than Lascar,[36] and it might share a magma chamber. [112] Sulfur is released from areas all over the cone, resulting in a noticeable sulfur smell. [218] An ash plume was carried 660 kilometres (410mi) east. [67], A major Plinian eruption occurred 26,450 500 years ago,[137] releasing 1015 cubic kilometres (2.43.6cumi) of ejecta, both volcanic ash and pyroclastic flows. The Saltar flow reached widths of 0.71.3 kilometres (0.430.81mi) and thicknesses of 520 metres (1666ft), increasing to 35 metres (115ft) where the flow entered valleys. [189] Pumice mostly accumulated on the surface of the flows, and individual stones are up to 30 centimetres (12in) wide. [183] The southern flank flows at first proceeded along a gully before spreading out. [34] Yet another eruption sequence occurred between 1959 and 1969. [24], The volcanism of Lascar relates to the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. These ignimbrites form a 3 steep slope in the area. [54] Six craters are located on the volcano,[29] but sometimes only five craters are counted, in which case the central crater is considered to be the active one. The magma supplied to the volcano ultimately comes from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report. [3] Immediately east of it lies the eastern cone, which is contiguous with the western cone. [35], A 200-metre-wide (660ft) and 50-metre-high (160ft) lava dome formed in early 1989. [111] There is no clear association between periods of degassing and eruptions. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. [78] SiO2 concentrations range from 55.5 to 67.8% by weight, and the rocks have medium to large concentrations of potassium. [225] The eruption ended around 15:32 on 20 April,[222] although some explosions occurred in the following days. ", "Recent eruptive activity from Lascar volcano (2006)", "Informe sobre el sistema volcnico de Lascar", "El ciclo eruptivo del 18 al 25 de Abril de 2006 del volcan Lascar, Andes Centrales", "Impact area determination of pyroclastic deposits in Lascar volcano, eruptive process in the year 1993", 10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<614:UTLTMT>2.0.CO;2, "Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data", "La erupcion subpliniana del 19-20 de Abril de 1993 del volcan Lascar, N de Chile", Impacts of the 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano on Chilean infrastructure, utilities, agriculture, and health, "Viajes e intercambios entre las comunidades argentinas y chilenas en la puna atacamea (segunda mitad del siglo XX)", "Insight into ground deformations at Lascar volcano (Chile) from SAR interferometry, photogrammetry and GPS data: Implications on volcano dynamics and future space monitoring", "An InSAR-based survey of volcanic deformation in the central Andes", "Uptake of gaseous thallium, tellurium, vanadium and molybdenum into anhydrous alum, Lascar volcano fumaroles, Chile", "SrPb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust", "Similarities and differences in the historical records of lava dome-building volcanoes: Implications for understanding magmatic processes and eruption forecasting", "The emplacement dynamics of pumice lobes ascertained from morphology and granulometry: Examples from the 1993 deposits at Lascar Volcano, Chile", 20.500.11820/704f9e40-352c-49da-af10-83ce7c003ac6, "Post-depositional fracturing and subsidence of pumice flow deposits: Lascar Volcano, Chile", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lascar_(volcano)&oldid=1128908838, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 16:28. 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