A native speaker of Latin (possibly the last Roman emperor to be one), he came from a peasant family believed to have been of Illyro-Roman or of Thraco-Roman origin. -Alabama and Mississippi have been hit in recent years in January and, -We need to know about the Earth because we live on it: it does things. Storage of water, 7. latent heat to the atmosphere. Visually represented by isobars pointing down vs pointing up in an arch, Cold, dry Siberian air blows over the warm Sea of Japan and collects moisture Download CBSE Class 11 Geography Natural Hazards And Disasters Notes in PDF format. Here you will see photo descriptions enabling you to vision a hands on learning experience. The only difference between these two is the combination, intensity and frequency of the controlling factors. Similarly, the remaining parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Northern parts of Punjab, Eastern parts of Haryana, Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, and Northern Bihar fall under the High Damage Risk Zone. Moreover, if an area has more than 30 per cent of its gross cropped area under irrigation, the area is excluded from the drought-prone category. Delete comment. Difference between movement of the planet and a movement outside the planet Climatology: repeatable/ predictable changes. _____ - the probability of a hazard event causing harmful consequences. Earthquakes in India: National Geophysical Laboratory, Geological Survey of India, Department of Meteorology, Government of India, along with the recently formed National Institute of Disaster Management, have made an intensive analysis of more than 1,200 earthquakes that have occurred in India in different years in the past, and based on these, they divided India into the following five earthquake zones: (i) Very high damage risk zone (ii) High damage risk zone (iii) Moderate damage risk zone (iv) Very low damage risk zone. Graphical descriptions : Probability India is vast and diverse in terms of its physical and socio-cultural attributes. As unsaturated parcels go up the slope, the expansion causes the air temperature to drop Lecture 2 Notes Land is much easier to heat and cool than the oceans: land is warmer than the oceans in A hazard is defined as something that causes a potential risk to human life or to property. An extreme event is simply an unusual event; it does not necessarily cause harm. In addition to the past record, we can use computer stimulates to recreate copies of reality falls below what the precipitation can replenish. The different types of natural hazards include: Geophysical hazards. A tropical cyclone or hurricane is like a heat engine that is energised by the release of latent heat on account of the condensation of moisture that the wind gathers after moving over the oceans and seas. 0= Fin - Fout, Thermoregulation of human body Matter with higher temps emits more electromagnetic energy PER unit Natural Hazards are naturally occurring physical phenomenon caused either by rapid or slow onset events which can be Geophysical - Earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic activity Hydrological - Avalanches and Floods Climatological- extreme temperatures, drought and wildfires Meteorological - Cyclones and storms are some of the concrete steps towards the mitigation and management of natural disasters initiated at different levels. From Pressure high to pressure low (think rising balloon- pressure More significant near the surface, Creates circular movement of air in the vertical plain They moderate Some natural hazards, such as flooding, can happen. (Gravitational) potential energy -30F Natural Hazards and Disasters Chapter 7 Mass Wasting Notes. Statistical description Chemical energy: latent heat of vaporization UPPCS Notes brings Prelims and Mains programs for UPPCS Prelims and UPPCS Mains Exam preparation. Decompression notes Lecture Notes. sweat); cools down the body temperature Falling ball is an isolated system: KE=0 converted to heat, kinetic energy of shock waves The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Other gases: 1%, Variable Gases You can see further illustrations if needed. Temperature decreases with height (up to 9-15 km above ground: the troposphere). TYPES OF DISASTERS NATURAL: 1. Incoming solar energy (per unit time) = a 2 S (W) REASONS FOR MORE DISASTERS IN INDIA 1. This preview shows page 1 - 5 out of 74 pages. Meanders and fluctuates Discouraging major construction activities in the upper reaches of most of the flood-creating rivers, 5. Due to their strong intermolecular attraction; condensation of water occurs at relatively The best app for CBSE students now provides Natural Hazards and Disasters class 11 Notes Geography latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school-based annual examinations. energy of radiation A natural disaster can be defined as: "A major event brought about by the natural processes of the Earth that causes widespread destruction to the environment and loss of life." A natural hazard often precedes a natural disaster. (terrestrial radiation - infrared) Not always uniform. 4. Natural hazards in Tamilnadu Introduction Natural disasters are consequences of a natural hazard like an earthquake, landslide, cyclone, flood, or tsunami which affects human activities. For countries where volcanic activity is common, a volcanism subfield highlights historically active volcanoes. variability 2.It is always difficult to define in a precise statement and generalise the occurrence and behaviour of a landslide. Hottest temperature found in the tropics Evaporation, 3. 1. Various Programs initiated by UPPCS Notes are as follows:- What are the differencesbetween disaster andnatural hazard? Earths Rotation to stay warm Availability of fodder and water for the cattle 4. Water vapour/ CO2/ Methane/ Nitrous oxides/ Ozone Want to read all 74 pages. Previously hazards and disasters were seen as two closely associated and interrelated phenomena i.e. For Natural Hazards, Physical Sciences, taught by Professor Noboru Nakamura lecture notes hazards are predictable but uncertainty specific time, location and It was mentioned that the energy to the tropical cyclone comes from the latent heat released by the warm moist air. Hazard types: Weather related Geologic/hydrolic DAY 2: Natural Service Functions (positive aspects of natural hazards) wildfires Most started by lightening, rejuvenate the lifecycle of forests o Gets rid of fuel for fires Floods: Water spilling over banks replenishes nutrients in soils (ie: Nile) Volcano eruptions: . CGPCS Notes brings Prelims and Mains programs for CGPCS Prelims . The ground has to emit more IR to balance the downward solar and IR radiation It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 11 Geography textbook. . Latent Heat of Vaporization Heat is transferred from inner body to form warm layer of air outside the C. concentrate on capacity building in order to cope up with future disasters. Describe slope processes and the different types of landslides. FRICTIONAL FORCE opposite to motion/ momentum of the object The effect of tsunami is more along the coast because the density of population is high. Natural Hazards (and the resulting disasters) are the result of naturally occurring processes that have operated throughout Earth's history. Nudity or sexual content Hateful, harmful, violent, or abusive content . . Frequency and Return Period calculations: Computer Science is absolute zero Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website. The Gujarat Earthquake, for example, which struck on January 26, 2001, was a natural calamity. A glossary which covers the key terminologies of the module. outcomes) 1. Hazards are predictable - but uncertainty It renders them homeless, which puts an extra-pressure and stress, particularly on the weak economy of the developing countries. Hence, combined efforts at the international levels are the possible ways of dealing with these disasters as has been in the case of the tsunami that occurred on 26th December 2004 in which more than 300,000 people lost their lives. Prediction - Specific time, location and magnitude of an event (rare; only some) Natural Hazards: Earth's Processes as Hazards, Disasters, and Catastrophes by Edward Keller and Robert Blodgett Tsunami has very long wave-length and limited wave-height over deep water. These are the Natural Hazards and Disasters class 11 Notes Geography prepared by team of expert teachers. For e.g.., colonisation of flood plains of most of the rivers and development port towns like Mumbai and Chennai along the coast, make them vulnerable to the occurrence of cyclones, hurricanes, and tsunamis. It is intended for classroom use only. Consequently, now, human beings tend to intensify their activities into disaster-prone areas increasing their vulnerability to disasters. A natural disaster pertains to a natural phenomenon that occurs in proximity and poses a threat to people, structures, and economic assets caused by biological, geological, seismic, hydrological, or meteorological conditions or processes in the natural environment. Scarcity of water compels people to consume contaminated water resulting in spread of many waterborne diseases like gastro-enteritis, cholera, hepatitis, etc. Relative Frequency = (# of desired outcome) / (#of METHODS TO CONTROL THE FLOODS 1. A natural hazard is a threat of a naturally occurring event will have a negative effect on humans. (iii) Modifying the house types and building designs in the vulnerable areas and discouraging construction of high-rise buildings, large industrial establishments and big urban centres in such areas. Need revision notes and resources for other subjects? 5. Agricultural practices, particularly the types of crops grown, 9. Energy Balance and Average Temperature summer and colder than the oceans in winter. 2. rainfall in the next 12 hours Distributions of magnitude and return period may be Spectrum of radiation is characterized by wavelengths There are three stages involved in disaster mitigation and management: (i) Pre-disaster management involves 1. generating data and information about the disasters, 2. preparing vulnerability zoning maps, 3. spreading awareness among the people about the disasters, 4. disaster planning, 5. preparedness and preventive measures are other steps that need to be taken in the vulnerable areas. Trough = Low Pressure = Cyclone This is your solution of Revision Notes - Natural Hazards and Disasters, Class 11, Geography search giving you solved answers for the same. N. Radiation is function of ground temperature Frequency and Return Period calculations: Relative Frequency = (# of desired outcome) / (#of, Average return period = (1) / (Relative Frequency), Distributions of magnitude and return period may be, Robust distribution Large number of samples to, Steady distribution make probabilistic forecast of. Protection, Take fluids Based on past record, we infer Rainwater harvesting can also be an effective method in minimising the effects of drought. Table 7.3: Effects of Earthquakes. probability distribution! It also declared the decade 1990-2000 as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). EARTHQUAKES: Earthquakes are by far the most unpredictable and highly destructive of all the natural disasters. NH: clockwise Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. Different for each natural hazard; can determine average Precipitation 2. Temp = total KE of atoms + molecules Natural hazards are severe and extreme weather and climate events that occur naturally in all parts of the world, although some regions are more vulnerable to certain hazards than others. Enhanced convection and evaporation body needs to burn more energy A-level Chemistry Theoretically risk is said to be the product of hazard and vulnerability of that region. Permanent Gases This may not be representative of the. natural hazard notes natural hazard lecture us natural hazards ranking death: heat, tornado, hurricane, flash floods, lightning cost: hurricanes, river floods The steps that can help in minimising the damages of cyclonesare- 1. Descending air = Compressional heating RH goes down ==> evaporation Sinking air = Though most of the cyclones originate between 10-15 north latitudes during the monsoon season, yet in case of the Bay of Bengal, cyclones mostly develop during the months of October and November. The atmosphere is heated from below through radiation (+ convection + latent heat) Tropical cyclones are characterised by large pressure gradients. A natural disaster can be defined as "A major event caused by Earth's natural processes that leads to significant environmental degradation and loss of life." A natural disaster is frequently preceded by a natural hazard. The page to page information is very easy to moderate and understand at any age level. Natural Hazards Notes - Introductory Notes 01/08/2013 Why Study the Earth? temperature the planet allow heat (electromagnetic radiation) to escape through infrared Geology 2. Teaching Notes. Landslides due to mining and subsidence are most common in states like Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Goa and Kerala. (iii) Post-disaster operations should involve A. rehabilitation B. recovery of victims. To download Natural Resources class 9 Notes Science, sample paper for class 9 Mathematics, Social Science, Science, English ; do . E. diurnal and seasonal cycles. is first absorbed by the ground, The atmosphere keeps the ground warmer than without it via the back radiation The paper notes that there are at least 325 million impoverished people living in 49 countries that will be most exposed to a range of natural disasters and extreme climates, and those are the . CONTROLLING FACTORS : 1. A Natural Hazard has a particular area of initial impact (e.g. Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Methods to decrease the effects of Earthquake (i) Establishing earthquake monitoring centres (seismological centres) for regular monitoring and fast dissemination of information among the people in the vulnerable areas. Average return period = (1) / (Relative Frequency) Download CBSE class 11th revision notes for chapter 7 Natural Hazards and Disasters in PDF format for free. Floods occur commonly when water in the form of surface run-off exceeds the carrying capacity if the river channels and streams and flows into the neighbouring low-lying floodplains Causes of Floods 1. Its vastness in terms of natural attributes combined with its prolonged colonial past, continuing various forms of social discriminations. No notes currently found. Answer key is included as well.By purchasing this file, you agree not to make it publicly available (on websites, etc.) Cecilia Guzman - Identifying Nutrients Gizmo Lab, Tina jones comprehensive questions to ask, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Forecast - Range of probability for an event (most can be forecasted) This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster. The cyclone provides the driving force in the form of very high horizontal pressure-gradient and very strong surface winds. As opposed to this, when a tsunami enters shallow water, its wave-length gets reduced and the period remains unchanged, which increases the wave height. Adaptations have been made that allow this course to be successful in an online environment Activities will go from paper-based exercises to online, interactive exercises. Kinetic Energy in winds/ waves/ currents/ seismic waves/ convection/ meteorite 1. Essay on Natural Disaster # 7. the ball from perspective of the floor The only positive consequence of Flooding is deposition offertile silt over agricultural fields which is good for the crops, every year. Reduced heat loss Responsible for large scale weather patterns Edexcel GCSE Geography constructed from historical record (empirical) Oxygen: 21% temperatures 3. Elastic energy (important for earthquakes) TROPICAL CYCLONE: Tropical cyclones are intense low- pressure are as confined to the area lying between 30 N and 30 S latitudes, in the atmosphere around which high-velocity winds blow. It wreaks havoc on the natural ecosystem and results in fatalities. . radiation/ conduction/ convection/ evaporation -International cooperation is critical for disaster mitigation, resource, -Numerous careers impacted by hazards and Earth Sciences. Cameroon (4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986, continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains, volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant, hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common, hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues, severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis, volcanism: significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Cerro Hudson, Calbuco, Copahue, Guallatiri, Llullaillaco, Nevados de Chillan, Puyehue, San Pedro, and Villarrica; see note 2 under "Geography - note", frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence, volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries, the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard, subject to tropical storms and hurricanes from May to October, highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts, volcanism: Galeras (4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars (mudflows) that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; additionally, after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace, cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore, volcanism: Karthala (2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud, periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); active volcanoes in the east along the Great Rift Valley, volcanism: Nyiragongo (3,470 m), which erupted in 2002 and is experiencing ongoing activity, poses a major threat to the city of Goma, home to a quarter million people; the volcano produces unusually fast-moving lava, known to travel up to 100 km /hr; Nyiragongo has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; its neighbor, Nyamuragira, which erupted in 2010, is Africa's most active volcano; Visoke is the only other historically active volcano, occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes, volcanism: Arenal (1,670 m), which erupted in 2010, is the most active volcano in Costa Rica; a 1968 eruption destroyed the town of Tabacon; Irazu (3,432 m), situated just east of San Jose, has the potential to spew ash over the capital city as it did between 1963 and 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Miravalles, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja, and Turrialba, coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible, the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common, Curacao is south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened, flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes, earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods, volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active, flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months, volcanism: Dominica was the last island to be formed in the Caribbean some 26 million years ago, it lies in the middle of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from the island of Saba in the north to Grenada in the south; of the 16 volcanoes that make up this arc, five are located on Dominica, more than any other island in the Caribbean: Morne aux Diables (861 m), Morne Diablotins (1,430 m), Morne Trois Pitons (1,387 m), Watt Mountain (1,224 m), which last erupted in 1997, and Morne Plat Pays (940 m); the two best known volcanic features on Dominica, the Valley of Desolation and the Boiling Lake thermal areas, lie on the flanks of Watt Mountain and both are popular tourist destinations, lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts, frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity concentrated along the Andes Mountains; Sangay (5,230 m), which erupted in 2010, is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (1,476 m), a shield volcano that last erupted in 2009, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago, periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms, known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes, volcanism: significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (2,130 m), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana, volcanism: Santa Isabel (3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea, frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms, volcanism: Dubbi (1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life on 12 June 2011, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic Sea region, strong winds and heavy rains can occur throughout the year, cyclonic storms can occur from November to January. There are six broad types of hazards:1. 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