It was used by Ed Lewis and Bruno Sammartino. The move was invented by Dory Funk, Jr.[15] and popularized by Dean Malenko. The wrestler then does a spinning toe hold and grasps the other leg, crossing them into a "4" (hence the name) as he does so and falls to the mat, applying pressure to the opponent's crossed legs with his own. The attacker bends his opponent's arm and reaches through with one of his own. However, instead of stepping over the opponent to flip them, the applying wrestler flips the opponent over from left-to-right, keeping the opponent in front of them. The wrestler sits on the back of an opponent who is lying face down on the mat. Used by Chris Benoit as the Crippler Crossface; in the adjacent picture, he has pulled so far back that he finished the hold seated, which he did not always do. This move can be used as a submission hold or can be used for a neckbreaker slam, or a facebuster takedown. Also known as a "Japanese stranglehold" (goku-raku gatame), "criss-cross stranglehold", "cut-throat", and "cross-armed choke". The stepover armlock is similar in execution to the spinning toe hold, except that the wrist is held instead of the foot. The wrestler reaches down to pull the opposing wrestler up slightly, sits on the opponent's back, and places both of the opponent's arms across their thighs, usually locking at least one by placing the arm in the crook of their knee. Dvorak J, Panjabi M, Gerber M, Wichmann W. CT-functional diagnostics of the rotatory instability of upper cervical spine, 1: an experimental study on cadavers. The opponent begins supine, lying with their back on the bottom or second rope and facing into the ring. It is also possible to put pressure on the elbow joint by bending the leg entangling the arm, and twisting it in a specific manner. October 31, 2022 Monday Night RAW results, IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, Inverted three quarter figure four leglock. Research investigating the true mechanisms and resultant injury of whiplash specific to sport is warranted. It is also used by John Cena, who calls it the STFU and is modified with crossed hands and more elevation than the STF. The wrestler sits on the back of an opponent who is lying face down on the mat. about navigating our updated article layout. This is said to help avoid the opponent countering the hold as well as allowing the wrestler to have a leverage to apply more pressure. Normal flexion to hyperextension at the atlanto-occipital joint ranges from approximately 15 to 20.15,16 Rotation and lateral flexion between the occiput and atlas are not possible due to the depth of the atlantal sockets, in which the occipital condyles rest. Instead of putting the opponent in a rear chinlock, they put him/her in a sleeper hold. Lucha's "Electric chair" (Silla Elctrica in Spanish) is the term used for two different, unrelated attacks. Kondo also uses a variation where he falls back and applies a body scissors the abdomen of his opponent. This move is used by Shane McMahon and CM Punk. The wrestler stands behind the opponent and hooks one of his arms so that both wrestlers' elbow joints are snug together and their arms are wrapped around one another. The double-handed version was a signature submission of The Great Khali, dubbed the Vice Grip. Yet the relationship of this padding to the kinematics of the cervical spine has not been established. This hold is often transitioned into a submission, powerbomb, backbreaker, or suplex. This includes the erector spinae and glutes (butt). This moves has been famously used by Triple H in the WCW. The move was also popularized in the States by Sting, who called the hold the Scorpion Death Lock and applied the hold from a seated position. Mexican luchador Mstico innovated a variation in which he performs a tilt-a-whirl on the opponent them slams face first with a single-arm takedown and uses the submission hold called the La Mistica. From that position, the wrestler could execute many moves while the opponent is hung over/between the rope(s), for example a DDT or a neckbreaker. Also known as stretches (or submission holds), these techniques are employed to weaken an opponent or to force him or her to submit, either vocally or by tapping out: slapping the mat, floor, or opponent with a free hand three times. The wrestler hooks each of the opponent's legs in one of their arms and then turns the opponent face-down, stepping over them in the process. A wrestler stands in front of an opponent and locks their hands around the opponent, squeezing them. The wrestler then hooks his hands behind the opponent's head, having one arm pass over their own leg and the other under. The crossface chickenwing is mostly identified with Bob Backlund, who used the hold as a finishing maneuver following his comeback to the WWF in the mid-1990s and won his second world championship using the hold. The site is secure. Nightingale RW, McElhaney JH, Richardson WJ, Best TM, Myers BS. Guerrero referred to the move as the Lasso from El Paso, making reference to his hometown of El Paso, TX. The inverted Indian deathlock facelock, or a "Muta lock". A common move out of this transition can be a powerbomb or a suplex. A 5.95-kg weight was then dropped vertically from a height of 1.53 m. In 8 of 10 specimens, the tube in the spinal canal was completely occluded at the moment of injury. Try to experience what you are feeling in your body without getting wrapped up in achieving a goal. This submission hold was invented by Hiroyoshi Tenzan. With one hand the wrestler will grab either the toes or the outside of the foot, then with the other wrap the ankle to create a "hole" for the joint. The wrestler first straddles one of the opponent's legs, then reaches over the opponent's near arm with the arm close to the opponent's back and locks it. This may also refer to a type of neck compression employed from a rear mount position in which the back of the thumbs are used to drive into the neck starting from the high trapezius muscle toward the sternocleidomastoid muscles, causing severe discomfort, and even submission. The bench press, or chest press, is a weight training exercise in which the trainee presses a weight upwards while lying on a weight training bench.Although the bench press is a full-body exercise, the muscles primarily used are the pectoralis major, the anterior deltoids, and the triceps, among other stabilizing muscles.A barbell is generally used to hold the weight, but a pair of The wrestler then leans back and pulls the opponent's head and torso. Similarly to the biceps slicer, a calf crusher can be applied by inserting an arm or leg in the backside of the knee, and flexing the opponent's leg to apply pressure to the muscles surrounding the fulcrum. The wrestler then bends one leg so that the shin is behind the knee of the straight leg and places the ankle of the straight leg in their armpit. The wrestler places the opponent in a front chancery and rolls backwards, pulling the opponent over him and onto their back, with the wrestler ending up lying on the opponent. Athletic trainers should consider the type of impact surface involved in a suspected CSI and, according to the findings of research, should appreciate the potential severity of injury due to pocketing and impact orientation. The opponent is on his back, wrestler standing to his side and reaching down to grab the opponent's far arm, pulling up. A wrestler grabs one of the opponent's legs, and places the opponent's ankle between his/her thighs. Hart's niece Natalya has recently taken the Sharpshooter as a finisher in reference to her father Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart and uncle Bret Hart in the Hart Foundation. A wrestler can repeatedly step over the leg and around again to twist the knee and ankle joints even more. Its most common uses are to open up an opponent's chin for shime-waza or as a diversionary tactic. Known as Ashigatame in Japan and a pumphandle armbar in America. Setup: When performing a deadlift, a lifter sets in a position that eccentrically loads the gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus while the muscles of the lumbar contract isometrically in an effort to The wrestler then "scissors" (clasps) the near arm of the opponent with one or both legs from a standing position and takes hold of the far arm of the opponent with both hands, forcing the opponent onto their side and placing stress on both shoulder joints, as well as making it harder for the opponent to breathe. This hold is performed on an opponent who is lying face down on the mat. A wrestler approaches a sitting opponent from in front, behind, or either sides. A wrestler will repeatedly step over the leg and round again to twist the knee, and ankle joint even more. While Bret Hart is credited to popularizing the maneuver, Sting has used the move as his submission finisher throughout his career, particularly during the late 1980s long before Bret Hart was using the sharpshooter. Make sure you have your chest up shoulders down to maintain good posture. Target muscles: Quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteus maximus. The wrestler then pulls back so as to stretch the legs, back and neck of the opponent while keeping the arm trapped. The move can be executed from a kneeling position or a standing position, depending on the wrestler's preference. Torg JS. A wrestler approaches a sitting opponent from in front, behind, or either side. Its facebuster version was later made popular by Beth Phoenix, calling the move the Glam Slam. The greatest extent of injury was when the impact was at the vertex or anterior to the vertex of the head, with no injuries to the cervical spine with an impact posterior to the vertex.25,26 For the anterior and vertex impact conditions, only 2 of 6 specimens did not experience injury, whereas 2 specimens experienced injuries at multiple levels.26 The authors correlated injury risk to impact location. Also known as a keylock, Top shoulder lock, Americana, and ude-garami, (a term borrowed from judo). The wrestler wraps their legs around the opponent's head in a headscissors, facing towards the opponent, then grabs one of the opponent's arms and wrenches it backwards, causing pressure on the shoulder and elbow of the opponent. The opponent is face down with the attacker above him, facing their head. The wrestler grabs his opponent's throat with one hand and squeezes tightly. Later, he would often place a sock puppet known as Mr. Socko over his hand before applying the move; this variant is known as the Socko Claw. Essentially a Gogoplata with leg submission, the wrestler steps over his opponent's leg and then laces the opponent's legs together, as a standard Sharpshooter would be performed. Researchers to date have not attempted to simulate these internal and external forces in a nonvertical position and their effect on impending injury, and they have not assessed the effect of adding mass and size to the head, such as when wearing a helmet. Essentially a scissored armbar with neck submission. A wrestler can execute an Abdominal stretch before sitting down to increase the pressure (keeping one leg hooked around the opponent's same leg and one leg to brace himself against the mat). This move is illegal due to usage of the ring ropes, and results in a disqualification for the wrestler should they not release the hold before a count of five. Another variation sees the attacker performing a reverse STO, then locking the regular Koji clutch in, but crossing their legs in a modified figure-four headscissors. Squatting and twisting to the side, the attacker flexes the opponent's back and stretches their abdomen. Usually executed from a "rubber guard," where the legs are held very high, against the opponent's upper back. He calls it the Koji MAX hold. He lifts one leg of the opponent and drapes it over his neck. This can often be performed on a standing wrestler. Hold for 30 seconds. The opponent is face down on the mat, the attacker crosses the opponent's ankle into the crook of the other knee. Neck injuries in ice hockey: a recent, unsolved problem with many contributing factors. Often confused with the octopus hold, it was popularized by Perry Saturn as the Rings of Saturn. Shawn Michaels popularized this move during his wrestling career. 6. For the half nelson the attacker slips one arm under the opponent's armpit and places it on the neck. A wrestler may counter the figure four by rolling over on to their stomach, which applies the pressure on the original applier's legs. This enables you to build your lower back strength slowly and safely. From this point, the attacker may choose to apply pressure by sitting atop the opponent and cranking back on the right leg. The wrestler stands behind their opponent and bends the opponent backwards. Another counter of the electric chair position is the wrestler twisting over the opponent's shoulders so now they are facing the opposite direction, and from that position, the wrestler would backflip to hit a hurricanrana. The reversal-of-curve phenomenon in the cervical spinal segment is further elucidated through the work of Nightingale et al2427 in analyzing injury to the cervical spine during buckling and is discussed later. A maneuver similar to a neck wrench where the wrestler faces a bent-over opponent. Weeks 12-9: Cardio. The wrestler next turns 180 degrees and leans back, compressing the spine. Bogduk N, Mercer S. Biomechanics of the cervical spine, I: normal kinematics. \DYldR$tff%Y1r$3ogfvvvy]Z_`8GU5,\.~KQ>?=/GqiD,L 'G?'WGWRb!v$J^O&,]>>#]q|t8Jd%w0%0:R!ytnOMWwx'nqUH \ Y)gB0_tnOwS4Oj!8Q9o;UQBLwl0fg(A*8hf"&}U] a-W!mQ2lAf hk. Different promotions have different rules regarding the legality of this maneuver. The attacker can also use their free hand to grab the victim's side/stomach and apply pressure in an abdominal claw hold. The wrestler then reaches forwards and applies a chinlock as in a standard camel clutch, leaning backwards to apply pressure to the upper back and arm. The applying wrestler then squats back, lifting the opponent's torso into the air. The wrestler puts his opponent in a half nelson with one arm and grabs the opponent's neck with the other. Similar to a clawhold, the attacking wrestler applies a nerve lock onto the opponent's shoulder(s) using his/her hands and fingers for a submission attempt. Alternatively, you can reach down and grab a seating opponent in a front facelock and sit (sprawl) down fron there. Neck cranks are usually banned from sports competitions, with notable exceptions in combat sports such as submission wrestling and mixed martial arts, where they are used as submission holds or as a guard passing technique. It can help calm your mind as well as stretch your body. [7] A standing variation of this move was used by The Undertaker, who called it Takin' Care of Business. Essentially a step-over armbar with neck submission. The wrestler then pulls back on the arms, causing pressure. From here, the wrestler puts the opponent in a crossface, wrenching the neck and shoulder. In this variation of the camel clutch, a wrestler sits on the back of an opponent while they are laying face down on the mat. This variation of the cloverleaf sees the wrestler, after crossing one of the opponent's legs over the other in a figure four shape, lock the over leg behind their near knee before placing the straight leg under their armpit and turning over. Mechanisms and pathomechanics of athletic injuries to the cervical spine. A common type of toe hold is the figure-four toe hold, where a figure-four hold is used to hold the opponent's foot. The new PMC design is here! Straighten your right leg, returning to Staff Pose. Popularized by Eddie Bravo and the 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu system. 2012;62(6):838-846. doi:10.1016/S0034-7094(12)70183-6. It stretches the back of your body, including your back muscles, and can help relieve low back tightness and low back pain. The wrestler uses his foot to push the opponent's straight leg backwards and over the bent leg's ankle. There are also standing and spinning versions. This variation is used by Karrion Kross and it is called the Kross Jacket. The move was invented by Hiroyoshi Tenzan. The attacking wrestler tucks their opponent's head underneath their armpit and wraps their arm around the neck so that the forearm is pressed against the chin. sign up for Outside+. and transmitted securely. [11] At the 2015 ADCC tournament in So Paulo, Vinny Magalhaes submitted Rodrigo Artilheiro in the quarterfinals using a twister. By using the pinned arms and legs as a point of leverage, the combatant can forcefully crank the head towards the opponent's chest. Very similar to the grapevine ankle lock, with the only difference that the wrestler wraps his arms around the shin, and not his hands around the ankle of the opponent. This is also called a reverse chancery. A body scissors version exists as well. Tuck the elbows to the side of the torso and keep the scapula pressed, so the shoulders remain stable. How? The can opener (in Judo referred to as kubi-hishigi) is a hyperflexing neck crank that can be applied from the opponent's guard or from a mounted position, by grabbing the opponent's head using the hands, and forcing it towards the chest of the opponent. will also be available for a limited time. The wrestler then pulls the arm upward against the back of his opponent. In the early literature of CSI, researchers focused on the movement of the head during injury and ascribed the primary mechanism of suspected injury in the cervical spine to that specific movement.2830 However, further study has shown that the observed motion at the head during injury is not a reliable indicator of spine movement responsible for creating the injury.24,25,3133 The biomechanics in the spine and extent of injury to the spine depend on the impact location on the head and the orientation of the cervical spine at the time of impact.2427 The initial, and often the more critical, injury occurs as soon as 2 to 30 milliseconds after impact, well before observed motion in the cervical spine and head occurs.2426, The mechanism for injury that has received the most attention in athletics is axial loading. Strength and motion analysis of the human head-neck complex. The wrestler has one arm free, which can be used for balance. 3 0 obj Variations of this can include clasping the opponent's hand instead of hooking the upper arm, for extra leverage and bridging out, while performing the move to increase leverage and immobilize the opponent. If you experience knee pain, move your bent knee closer to the straight leg. The wrestler then grabs the far leg and wraps it in front of the captured leg and through his/her legs so that the foot comes out in front. Etymology. University of West Alabama, Livingston, AL, Sports Medicine Concepts, Inc, Geneseo, NY. A set-up for many throws and slams, this sees the attacking wrestler put a bent at the waist opponent to one side of them, reach the near hand around, and lock their hands around the opponent's waist. It is used by many wrestlers in the beginning of the match. A "goozle" is a single arm choke held briefly before performing a chokeslam. Torg JS. This move is illegal due to usage of the ring ropes, and results in a disqualification for the wrestler should they not release the hold before a count of five. The wrestler then lies on top of the opponent's back and locks their arms around the opponent's head. It is usually done to set up the opponent for a crossface. ltimo Guerrero uses a variation where he grabs his opponent's corresponding leg and wraps his feet around their neck called the Guerrero Special ll. Austin Aries uses a half surfboard variation, called Fish Hook of Doom, where the opponent is lying face down. Therefore, understanding the kinematics of the cervical spine is important for the athletic trainer, not only in helping to appreciate the following sections regarding injury mechanisms but also in allowing for a more effective evaluative tool after CSI. The hold is applied when the aggressor places their middle and ring fingers into the opponent's mouth, sliding them under the tongue and jabbing into the soft tissue found at the bottom of the mouth. A secondary purpose of this review is to demonstrate the need for research investigating sport injury mechanisms of the cervical spine. The wrestler takes hold of the opponent's arm and twists it, putting pressure on the shoulder and elbow. Another variant performed by Dana Brooke is done in a handstand position while she chokes the opponent with one foot. Data Sources: We conducted literature searches through the Index Medicus, SPORT Discus, and PubMed databases and the Library of Congress from 19752003 using the key phrases cervical spine injury, biomechanics of cervical spine, football spinal injuries, kinematics of the cervical spine, and axial load. The opponent is down on their back with the wrestler standing over one of their legs with one foot placed on either side of the leg. The wrestler then bridges back. Asuka also uses this variation. This move was made famous from ltimo Dragn. The wrestler then locks their hand to their wrist behind the opponent's neck to make the opponent submit or lose consciousness as the carotid artery is cut off. He then forces the opponent's elbow upwards, bending the arm to an unnatural position. Known as la Campana in Mexico. An element borrowed from professional wrestling's catch wrestling origins, stretches (or submission holds) are techniques in which a wrestler holds another in a position that puts stress on the opponent's body. Liv Morgan used this move as her finisher by transitioning it into a DDT in her early days in WWE's developmental territory NXT from 2014 to 2017. The wrestler approaches a prone opponent, lying down on their stomach. Another variation of this hold, referred to as a bridging reverse chinlock, sees the attacking wrestler kneel before the opponent and grasp their neck into a reverse chinlock, before flipping forward to plant their feet and bridge their back adding additional pressure to the opponent's neck and upper back. Pause when you feel a good stretch along the back of your legs, then carefully stand back up and reverse the motion by contracting your glutes and hamstrings, allowing the bar to come closer to your body as you approach the top position. Chris Masters and Bobby Lashley uses a standing variation called the Master Lock and the Hurt Lock respectively, where they lock the nelson in and swing their opponent back and forth alternating pressure between their shoulders. Squatting and twisting to the side flexes the opponent's back and stretches their abdomen, which also means leaving their abs exposed and open to further holds, such as a claw to the victim's abs, or simply punching them. If held for a certain period of time the opponent may cough up blood. Also known as a rear chinlock, the attacking wrestler crouches down behind a sitting opponent and places their knee into the opponent's upper back, then reaches forward and grasps the opponent's chin with both hands. This typically starts with the opponent on their back, and the wrestler standing and facing them. The attacker can apply different submissions. Phase II: Week 4-6 Yoke orthosis 100%. To do this the opponent's legs are then hooked under the top ropes, leaving the opponent facing the attacking wrestler, upside down. Offer the option to put a rolled-up blanket under your straightened knee to prevent locking (hyperextension). Place & hold wrist extension 40 with fingers flexed or extended in yoke. Spinal locks can be separated into two categories based on their primary area of effect on the spinal column: spinal locks on the neck are called neck cranks, and locks on the lower parts of the spine are called spine cranks. This hold is often used in conjunction with a hold applied to the head or the arms in order to restrain the opponent. Or they can hook the victim's head or arm with one arm and grind their knuckle or elbow into the victim's floating ribs. Bishop PJ. By cranking the body upwards while keeping a tight hold on the opponents arms, the opponents head is forced towards his or her chest. The wrestler then pulls the opponent's head backwards with their arms and the opponent's far leg outwards with their leg. A grounded version of a sleeper hold with an added body scissors that is derived from martial arts and more recently mixed martial arts. In the 1980s Iranian wrestler The Iron Sheik popularized it as well. The move was used by Bull Nakano and formerly used by the former SmackDown general manager Paige as the PTO. The attacking wrestler stands behind the opponent who is either sitting or lying face down, then pulls the opponent into an inverted facelock, often hooking the opponent's near arm with their free arm. Variations of this can include clasping the opponent's hand instead of hooking the upper arm, for extra leverage and bridging out, while performing the move to increase leverage and immobilize the opponent. Essentially a scissored armbar with neck submission. Justin Gabriel performs Koji Clutch on Alex Riley. Daniel Bryan used the move as Bryan Danielson. The wrestler sits on one side of the opponent and using his near arm encircles the opponent in a headlock position and grabs the opponent's near wrist, bending the arm upwards. A sleeper hold is generally applied in the following manner: Also known as the Buffalo Sleeper. An inverted version of the cravate is used by Chris Hero as part of his "Hangman's Clutch" submissions in which the hand positioning is the same as a normal cravate but the facelock is connected around the face of the opponent, not from behind the opponent's head, thus pulling the opponent's head backwards rather than forwards, putting significant pressure on the neck by stretching it backwards and in other directions toward which the neck would not normally bend. Some of these lower back exercises don't use any equipment at all. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Catastrophic rugby injuries of the spinal cord: changing patterns of injury. It is also called a Trapezius Claw due to the muscle group targeted. Intervertebral rotations as a function of rear impact loading. The wrestler faces their opponent, who is bent over. The wrestler then takes hold of the upper arms or wrists of the opponent and spreads them, holding the opponent in place. The attacker pulls up with their arm while forcing the victim's wrist down with their leg, and applying pressure to the victim's arm/elbow. Second-order buckling created flexion of C1 through C3, extension in C4 and C5, and flexion in C6 through T1. This stretches the pectorals and shoulder joint, and immobilizes the arm. The bent leg in Janu Sirsasana also works the same way as the bent leg in Virabhadrasana II (Warrior Pose II) and Uttitha Parsvakonasana (Extended Side Angle). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Torg JS, Vegso JJ, O'Neil MJ, Sennett B. The move used to trick an unsuspecting opponent. A type of suspended hammerlock found in lucha libre as a finishing hold. Wrestlers use a modified version, where they only push the shin into the throat in exactly the same manner (instead of grabbing their toes and pulling towards themselves). This cuts off the air supply and the opponent fades out, yet this is not considered an air choke as it is not squeezing the windpipe. Also known as the D-lock for the capital D formed. The biomechanics of cervical spine injury and implications for injury prevention. Head-to-Knee Pose improves posture and counteracts the effects of prolonged sitting. The C6 through C7 segment contributes to the end ranges of flexion. The wrestler takes the opponent's legs, bends them at the knees, and crosses them, placing one ankle in the other leg's knee-pit. Known as El Pozo in Mexico where it is the finisher of Charlie Manson and brought to America by Alex Shelley as the spinning/rolling inverted figure four. Also known as a Neck-Hanging Tree a wrestler grasps an opponent's neck with both hands then lifts them up and then slams them. This hold begins with a supine opponent lying face up on the mat. More often, the player purposely lowers the head or falls, and the head and trunk travel in a parallel or oblique direction relative to the ground. The executor then stands next to the ring apron, on the outside of the turnbuckle or ropes and applies the figure four leglock with the ring post between the opponent's legs. A wrestler stands in front of an opponent and locks his hands around the opponent, sometimes with one or both arms of opponent pinned to his sides as a result, squeezing him. The wrestler sits on either side of an opponent who is lying either prone or supine on the mat, with the wrestler's legs scissoring one of the opponent's arms. Also known as a spinning armlock. New Study Sheds Light on Mental Health of Elite Athletes, Exercises for treatment of nonspecific low back pain, Exercise in the management of chronic back pain, A systematic review of the effects of exercise and physical activity on non-specific chronic low back pain, Core strength training for patients with chronic low back pain.
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