Solving land issues is on the radar of the G8, has been reflected in the adopted Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure and, after a successful lobbying . Land tenure rules are established by societies to define how rights to land are allocated and managed. An accurate enumeration of conditions for tenure security is a prerequisite to: Even when titles or deeds have been issued and formally registered, land transactions or transfers may not be systematically recorded, or are recorded in registers that are not properly kept or updated. We find that risk of land conflicts related to migrants and conflict related to former residents of the village returning to claim land are particularly costly, with high levels of perceived concern over both types of conflict associated with . This paper investigates the impact of land tenure insecurity on farmers' labor migration decisions in rural China. Cadastres, or any other appropriate land information systems, may improve land record management. Jos Luis Vzquez Navarro. In many settlements, a grassroots land management body can mediate and arbitrate land disputes and make requests for services and development to public authorities. Land tenurethe formal and informal relationship individuals and groups form with landeffectively determines who uses what land under which conditions. Secure tenure is an important pillar for agriculture and food security. In the short term, simplified record techniques and procedures need to be set up that are compatible with existing land information management systems (LIMS), if any, and can be incrementally improved over time and integrated into LIMS operating at district, city and national levels (technical obstacles, access to or updating of land-related information, and cost incurred). A key challenge is how to make sure that the information produced by an enumeration exercise is also used to strengthen security of tenure through state recognition, and for use in physical planning. USAID works in over 23 countries to improve property rights and land and resource governance. in "unccd one column" section with "Full width" option enabled, This block type should be used in "unccd one column" section with "Full width" option enabled, 608 million family farms around the world, occupying between 70 and 80, percent of the world's farmland and producing, Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure. In all cultures land holds fundamental traditional, religious and social value. That is, the responsibility of eradicating or reducing poverty, food insecurity, tenure insecurity, environmental risks, climate change mitigation and adaptation, etc. Crucial for our identification is that the heterogeneity of patrilineal clans within a village is associated with the cost of reallocating land. For instance, some countries have forest lands that fall under the state mandate, at a central or decentralised government level. It is multifaceted; several factors are involved in its existence, including sociological, technical, financial, institutional, judicial, and political, that are often overlooked, but must be taken into consideration. Land tenure security implies the certainty that a person's land rights will be acknowledged and secured in cases of certain difficulties. The challenges and pressures on customary tenure systems are many: insecurity, conflicts, land market inconsistencies and inefficiencies, gender discrimination in customary systems, and the reluctance of some governments to formally recognize customary land tenure. We show that the probability of a village-wide reallocation is a function of . Continuing this goal, Future Development was re-launched in January 2015 at brookings.edu. These include: witnessed rights to land; locally documented rights to land (security via social legitimacy); familial / marital rights to land; administratively documented rights to land (security via official recognition); occupation rights / permission to occupy; customary land rights; group rights to land; de facto rights of possession; various forms of leasehold; and individual private ownership / freehold. Understanding exactly how rights are affected can help design interventions to enhance land tenure security during and after periods of conflict. Affordable. Furthermore, the survey results revealed that institutions will accept many types of land documents, ranging in formality, in lieu of a title (Habitat for Humanity, The 2015-16 State of Housing Microfinance: A Review of the Housing Microfinance Practice Around the Globe, p.9). These rights are bestowed on them by nature, inheritance, culture and law. One way in which land tenure is impacted by conflict is through peoples perceptions of the security of their tenure under the cloud of conflict and the risks it brings. The full range of rights constitutes legally enforceable claims that can be asserted and defended in a forum such as a court. USAID Land Tenure Infographic October-2016 (pdf - 4 MB). The feeling of tenure insecurity could be caused by the land redistribution policy in Ethiopia where household size has been the main criterion used for land allocation after the land reform in 1975. Inadequate land records give rise to a series of difficulties: problems identifying right-holders, risk of multiple sales of land plots, use of forged deeds or titles. The land sector has not been good at monitoring progress of the global initiatives in fighting insecurity of land governance and tenure, but now there is no hiding. Around the world millions of people, communities, and businesses lack clear, secure rights to the land, resources, and property they use, occupy, and depend on for individual livelihoods and community stability. At planning level, it impacts negatively on urban management, A WORLD IN WHICH EVERYONE ENJOYS SECURE LAND RIGHTS. . As we examined in Part One there is still a lack of hard data about the extent of legally documented property rights globally. To get to this situation it would be necessary to develop a regulatory environment and to establish the necessary administration and land records systems. Building local capacities and skills to plan, lead, and manage their own development. Tenure insecurity with agricultural land under the HRS is exacerbated by the risk of land expropriation for urban expansion and infrastructure development (TAO AND XU,2007). Instead, households work along a trajectory toward secure, formal land rights. Open access: Nobody owns specific rights; neither can anyone be excluded. Reducing costs and improving efficiencies through partnerships and innovation. This would imply that land rich households should be more tenure insecure. Led an effort, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Geological Survey, and the European Union, to combat the flow of conflict diamonds and illegal diamond trade by supporting policy reforms, improvements to legal supply chains, and programs that strengthen property rights and licit economic opportunity in mining communities. Tenure types that best suit both the social, cultural and economic needs of local communities and the needs of responsible land administration authorities at a particular time are advocated. Among the highlights of our recent results are that we: Find out about career opportunities at USAID. , Although many of the 608 million family farms are run by men and women, the lawsor customs in more than half of the worlds countries hinder womens ownership andaccess to land. Identify and develop global norms for secure tenure. . This concerns mainly, but not exclusively, informal and/or customary land markets. This blog was first launched in September 2013 by the World Bank and the Brookings Institution in an effort to hold governments more accountable to poor people and offer solutions to the most prominent development challenges. Land tenure is the relationship, whether legally or customarily defined, between people (individuals or groups) and land. A better understanding of the relationships between violence and perceptions of tenure security will help develop targeted policies and interventions that safeguard and strengthen tenure security during and after conflict. Abstract. in . However, recognizing the decision-making power of customary systems and authorities may have serious implications for womens land rights and those of the poor, as land allocation and dispute settlement tend to be dominated by elites, usually men. In all cultures. But land tenure security is not static. This situation increases insecurity of tenure and generates land disputes, and, without formal records of deeds or titles, landowners cannot access mortgage loans. Last year, he was appointed as the president of Goh Bank, the first self-proclaimed mortgage bank in Ethiopia. Supporting legal, policy, and institutional reforms and human capacity development. It presented a paper at the World Bank Land and Poverty Conference 2016 on the results of five continuum research and development projects, the presentation of a Master Class on the continuum at the same conference, and the publication of the Framework for Evaluating Continuum of Land Rights Scenarios. Registered freehold is not seen as the preferred or ultimate type of tenure, but is rather one of a number of appropriate and legitimate forms of tenure available (customary, leasehold, group tenure and others). Land tenure insecurity is widespread in southern Africa and manifests itself in a number of ways that accentuate vulnerability to climate change impacts. Crucially, it would require a political environment that recognizes the need for tenure security to everyone, including those who are poor and marginalized. Additional research on how additional factors, such as the length of conflict, causes (e.g., expropriation vs. family disputes) and spillover effects into non-conflict areas, impact tenure security would help further fill knowledge gaps. It is against this backdrop that five major issues surrounding land tenure, and rights, This block type should be used Broegaard, R.J. (2005). Supported the U.S. business community by developing and testing practical guidance on best practices for making land-based investments less risky and more sustainable. Violence, forced displacement, land grabbing, destruction of land records, death of land, and weakened governance associated with conflict affect tenure security and peoples access to land. The effect of tenure insecurity on the adoption of soil conservation measures is analyzed by estimating the following equation: (1) inv ij = + d ij + z ij + x i + ij The dependent variable, invij is a binary variable and indicates the presence of soil conservation measures on plot j belonging to household i. For archived content, visit worldbank.org , promote rural resilience and climate change adaptation, Do countries have immune systems? Tackling tenure security in slums through participatory enumerations: Brief 1, Brief Land Records for the Poor: Participatory. Relationships regarding land tenure may be properly defined and binding in a court of law or via customary practices in a community. Enumerations are means to federate and organize communities and involve them in large-scale slum-upgrading projects. Land tenure security refers to the right of individuals and groups of people to effective protection by their government against forcible evictions. The rights do not lie along a single line and they may overlap. Many of these farms operate in conditions where there areunequal land rights. Statutory land tenure relates to land vested in the state to be held in trust for the land-holding community or such land acquired for public purposes through the state's power of eminent domain as allowed by Article 257 of the Constitution of Ghana (1992) (Constitution of the Republic of Ghana 1992; Da Rocha and Lodoh 1999 ). In recent years, an increasing number of key land actors have embraced the continuum of land rights approach to promote tenure security. Perceived risk of land loss (collective . One of the main issues is the insecure land tenure. During 2016, GLTN consolidated its theoretical, analytical and practical work on the continuum concept and approach to land tenure. As such, although formal land documents can be held as a type of collateral for a housing microfinance loan, many other forms of guarantee are accepted by responding institutions. In villages with underdeveloped land rental markets, households that expect that no land reallocations will occur within their village in the near future are less involved in migration, while households that attach a greater importance to land certificates in protecting land use rights are more involved in migration. The Future Development blog informs and stimulates debate on key development issues. Research by GLTN in Southern Africa (Malawi, Namibia, Angola, Mozambique and South Africa) has found compelling evidence that elements of the continuum of land rights already exist in the diversity of deep-rooted, contextually appropriate and legitimate practices and systems. Rigorously tested different approaches through high-quality impact evaluations to determine the most effective methods and improve program design and learning. Learn how you can get involved and lend a hand. Land tenure rules define the ways in which property rights to land are allocated, transferred, used, or managed in a particular society. Therefore, mediation and negotiations while surveys are ongoing is important to ensure sustainability and justice. The Global Land Tool Network - Facilitated by. . In simple terms, land tenure systems determine who can use what resources for how long, and under what conditions. State: The rights to land are appointed to a public sector authority. Ideally, land ownership acquired by way of gift, inheritance, marriage, grant or sale. Land tenure for all - men, women, indigenous peoples - is not just a question of human rights, but an issue that impacts biodiversity, food security, and migration. , When tenure leads to increases in investment, higher agricultural productivity, andimproved food security, it disincentivizes economic migration, benefitting society. It concerns business tenancies and is essentially a statutory right which allows tenants to apply for a new tenancy on similar terms as the existing tenancy when it expires. Land tenure and land tenure security are vital aspects of economic as well as societal structures. For example, some pasture lands in the community may be used by all the members of a community to graze cattle. 3.1 Land tenure is the relationship, whether legally or customarily defined, among people, as individuals or groups, with respect to land. The tenuous nature of our often quoted 70% insecurity of tenure statistic highlights the challenge for the land sector to design and implement global land indicators and monitoring frameworks associated with land governance and land tenure security that are based on feasible data sources and data collection strategies. Partnered directly with U.S. businesses to address land and property risks in their supply chains overseas. On the other hand, they may be inadequately outlined with ambiguities and loopholes that may be exploited. Land management is also limited by a lack of records as it is difficult to set up economic and social services, such as roads, electricity, clinics, etc., without land records that also indicate state land. SDG Indicator 1.4.2 proposes two types of measurement for tenure security: the proportion of adults with legally documented property rights, the proportion of adults who perceive their rights to land to be secure. In short, those with ownership of land are more likely to stay and care for it, whichresults in a range of economic, social, and ecosystem benefits. There are608 million family farms around the world, occupying between 70 and 80percent of the world's farmland and producingaround 80 percent of the world'sfood in value terms. Make a general inquiry or suggest an improvement. situations of tenure insecurity contribute to social instability and conflict. Comparing this with data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Programs georeferenced records of violent events sheds light on the relationship between conflict and tenure security. WordPress Download Manager - Best Download Management Plugin. Secured the land rights of 182 million people since 2013 through new laws and policies. However, in practice, a wide and complex spectrum of appropriate, legitimate tenure arrangements exists between these extremities. Land Tenure Insecurity, Marginalization and Urban Injustice. Tenure security influences the sharing of benefits from agricultural activities among different individuals and groups, within . Open access is slightly different from communal access because the latter excludes non-members of the community from accessing the common areas. , Land tenure is about the relationship between people andthe land, and how local laws and customs define that relationship. This is arguably how we think about tenure insecurity, but this straightforward definition is not so easy to operationalize. It is intended to establish information on the population size, ownership patterns and the state of infrastructure. Land tenurethe formal and informal relationship individuals and groups form with landeffectively determines who uses what land under which conditions. The continuum of land rights is a concept or metaphor for understanding and administering the rich complexity of land rights on the ground. , Those who own or control the land they work on are more likely to invest insustainable land management practices such as tree planting and soil conservation. This generation, having inherited land from the previous generations, has also inherited the challenges associated with land. For most poor people in sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific and some parts of Indonesia, low-income demand for land is overwhelmingly met by informal delivery systems, which combine customary practices with other informal and formal practices. Count me in: Surveying for Tenure Security and Urban Land Management. This is the main work of GLTN. A participatory approach also allows for community validation and accountability, thus improving the quality and relevance of the data gathered. The private party may be a single person, a married couple, and multiple people as part of a group or a corporate entity such as a commercial body or a not-for-profit organization.
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