Shortly afterward, they got on another plane that was supposed to take them to receive medical attention. [90] Late in 1937, while in Madrid with Martha, Hemingway wrote his only play, The Fifth Column, as the city was being bombarded by Francoist forces. "[128] Because he was suffering pain from the African accidents, he decided against traveling to Stockholm. By the time Gellhorn left Key West, Hemingway was mesmerized by her and eventually followed her to New York, where he called her constantly from his hotel, claiming he was "dreadfully lonely." [81] During this period he also worked on To Have and Have Not, published in 1937 while he was in Spain, the only novel he wrote during the 1930s. The small volume included six vignettes and a dozen stories Hemingway had written the previous summer during his first visit to Spain, where he discovered the thrill of the corrida. He set up a small office in his New York City apartment and attempted to work, but he left soon after. Ernest Hemingway. The true story of how Ernest Hemingway, his wife Hadley, his mistress Pauline Pfieffer, his son Bumby, and the nanny spent a summer on lockdown. He tried to work on a memoir of his time in Paris, but he had a difficult time doing so. Ernest Hemingway once spent several weeks in self-isolation with his sick toddler, his wife, nanny, and his mistress. [186] Critic Leslie Fiedler sees the theme he defines as "The Sacred Land"the American Westextended in Hemingway's work to include mountains in Spain, Switzerland and Africa, and to the streams of Michigan. Cosmopolitan magazine editor-in-chief Ray Long praised "Fifty Grand", calling it, "one of the best short stories that ever came to my hands the best prize-fight story I ever read a remarkable piece of realism. The world breaks everyone and afterward many are strong in the broken places. Ernest Miller Hemingway is an American novelist, short-story writer, journalist, and sportsman. [51] A few months later, in December 1925, the Hemingways left to spend the winter in Schruns, Austria, where Hemingway began revising the manuscript extensively. His father and brother had diabetes as well, and Leicester Hemingway even reportedly took his own life because he was facing the possibility of losing his legs from the disease. She later told The New York Times, When he went to the Mayo Clinic in November of 1960, his blood pressure was very high. She did not remember precisely how the nickname came into being; however, it certainly stuck. He and Gellhorn separated after he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II. [92][93], In early 1939, Hemingway crossed to Cuba in his boat to live in the Hotel Ambos Mundos in Havana. [71] Biographer James Mellow believes A Farewell to Arms established Hemingway's stature as a major American writer and displayed a level of complexity not apparent in The Sun Also Rises. When he arrived back in Ketchum, Idaho, he spoke with his longtime friend and local motel owner Chuck Atkinson. Mary Welsh Hemingway, the widow of Ernest Hemingway, died on November 26, 1986 in New York City. He even told actress Ava Gardner in 1954, I spend a hell of a lot of time killing animals and fish so I wont kill myself.. She quickly took him to Idaho, where physician George Saviers met them at the train. Gellhorn inspired him to write his most famous novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls, which he began in March 1939 and finished in July 1940. Instead, he received a letter in March with her announcement that she was engaged to an Italian officer. Last week, a letter supposedly written by F. Scott . Ernest Hemingway writing his book for Whom the Bell Tolls at the Sun Valley Lodge Born: 21 July, 1899 Died: 2 july, 1961 Cause of Death: Suicide Parents: Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, Grace Hall Hemingway Wives: Hadley Richardson (1921-1927) , Pauline Pfeiffer (1927-1940) , Martha Gellhorn (1940-1945) , Mary Welsh (1946) Having the unique experience of loving this talented, complicated and erratic man fourth wife Welsh referred to each of her predecessors as graduates of "the Hemingway University" some of the women even managed to form a bond with one another. Suddenly nothing seemed more vital than to re-examine those years when he let his only true love slip away. Who was Ernest Hemingway married to when he died? See Meyers (1985), 2. The author, who committed suicide at the age of 61, often struggled like several other members of his family. Here, an excerpt from a new biography of Mary Welsh Hemingway, the journalist who became Hemingway's fourth wife. Then, read through these 21 quotes from Hemingways famous works. One afternoon in the late winter of 1961, while Hadley Richardson was vacationing at a ranch in Arizona with her second husband, she got a call from her first husband, Ernest Hemingway. Reynolds, Michael (2000). [168] In 1954, when Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, it was for "his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style."[169]. . When Richardson and Hemingway met at a party in Chicago in 1920, the two had instant chemistry, despite Richardson being eight years his senior. Gladstein, Mimi. [184] Hemingway's letters refer to Proust's Remembrance of Things Past several times over the years, and indicate he read the book at least twice. [19], Hemingway returned home early in 1919 to a time of readjustment. "Brett and the Other Women in. During his career, Hemingway was considered the best writer of his generation. Mary's autobiography, entitled How It Was, was published in 1976. A shy, intelligent girl who made a really bad marital choice, she is remembered as the first wife of the legendary writer Ernest Hemingway. The couple settled in Ketchum in his final years as his mental health declined. [5], Hemingway's mother, a well-known musician in the village,[6] taught her son to play the cello despite his refusal to learn; though later in life he admitted the music lessons contributed to his writing style, evidenced for example in the "contrapuntal structure" of For Whom the Bell Tolls. As a boy, Hemingway was outwardly athletic a quality that pleased his father. Hemingway also began struggling to write. Meanwhile, his father, Clarence, was manic-depressive and had the tendency to become violent. He had finished it in August but delayed the revision. "We're stronger in the places that we've been broken." ~ (Ernest Hemingway). When he arrived in London, he met Time magazine correspondent Mary Welsh, with whom he became infatuated. Benson compares them to haikus. [123] The accidents may have precipitated the physical deterioration that was to follow. For Hemingway, it would be his fourth time down the altar while for Welsh, her third. After Hemingways death, Atkinson told The New York Times, He seemed to be in good spirits. Ernest Hemingway, 61, the bearded American novelist who gained fame writing of death and violence, accidentally killed himself Sunday while cleaning a shotgun, his wife said. Kristen N. Winiarski has written about many subjects over her 15-year career, especially the unique and weird corners of history. [94] Martha soon joined him in Cuba, and they rented "Finca Viga" ("Lookout Farm"), a 15-acre (61,000m2) property 15 miles (24km) from Havana. Ernest Hemingway's colorful life as a war correspondent, big game hunter, angler, writer, and world celebrity, as well as winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize in literature, began in quiet Oak Park, Illinois, on July 21, 1899. "The Great Themes in Hemingway", in Wagner-Martin, Linda (ed.). While her appearance was unremarkable, she made up for it in sensuality. He was greatly admired by later generations because of his public image and adventurous lifestyle. After the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Finca Viga was expropriated by the Cuban government, complete with Hemingway's collection of "four to six thousand books". )[72] In Spain in mid-1929, Hemingway researched his next work, Death in the Afternoon. But by then, he had become entranced by another ambitious journalist, Martha Gellhorn, who had befriended the Hemingways in the late 1930s. He maintained permanent residences in Key West, Florida (in the 1930s) and in Cuba (in the 1940s and 1950s). If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry. (1975). After Hemingway's death, his fourth wife, Mary Welsh Hemingway (left), went through the material he had left at Sloppy Joe's Bar in Key West, Fla., packed up what she wanted, and gave the rest . Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. You are a fine girl and it was good of you not to mind my becoming a fixture, like a kudu head, in your home, Gellhorn later wrote Pfeiffer. Regardless of the reason behind Ernest Hemingways suicide, the authors death was a devastating loss to the literary community and to everyone who loved him. Blonde, witty, aristocratic and smart as a whip, Gellhorn connected easily with the famous author, discussing politics, war and her travels abroad. [34], Ezra Pound met Hemingway by chance at Sylvia Beach's bookshop Shakespeare and Company in 1922. [22] A family friend offered him a job in Toronto, and with nothing else to do, he accepted. Here's a look at the four wives behind the gifted, tortured novelist: Ernest Hemingway with his first wife,Hadley Richardson. [168] His books were burned in Berlin in 1933, "as being a monument of modern decadence", and disavowed by his parents as "filth". [220][221], In 2012, he was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame. Born Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, she was raised by a well-off St. Louis family but following her father's 1903 suicide was left under the care of an over protective mother. Hemingway's injuries included a head wound, while Mary broke two ribs. [38] In the following September the couple returned to Toronto, where their son John Hadley Nicanor was born on October 10, 1923. Born July 21, 1899, Hemingway, later known to his intimates as Papa, started in journalism as a high school student. [note 1][15] He was still only 18 at the time. Ernest Hemingway finally married his fourth wife in 1946. These anti-war activists were charged for igniting violent demonstrations at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. Born in 1891 in Missouri, Hadley Richardson was a gifted musician who spent most of her 20s taking care of her ailing mother. [23], When St. Louis native Hadley Richardson came to Chicago to visit the sister of Hemingway's roommate, Hemingway became infatuated. The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. (2012). Ernest Hemingway Life, Motivational, Broken Heart 121 Copy quote The best people possess a feeling for beauty, the courage to take risks, the discipline to tell the truth, the capacity for sacrifice. The event took a toll on both his physical and mental health, and he continued to drink copious amounts of alcohol while he was bedbound during his recovery. It would be a swell joke on tout-le-monde if you & Fife & I spent the summer at Juan-les-Pins, Richardson wrote to Hemingway in the spring of 1926, knowing by then that he and Fife were having an affair. Hemingway survived two plane crashes in two days In 1954, Hemingway and his wife Mary Welsh were in the Belgian Congo when their first plane, one which they chartered for sightseeing, crashed. The couple went on to tie the knot two years later and lived together in Cuba for 10 years before Ernest fell in love with a younger woman. Before the age of 20, he had gained from the war a maturity that was at odds with living at home without a job and with the need for recuperation. "[177], The simplicity of the prose is deceptive. They divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War (19361939), which he covered as a journalist and which was the basis for his novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Mrs. Hemingway will be cremated and her ashes buried next to her husband`s grave in Ketchum, Idaho, said Jack Hemingway, Ernest`s eldest son. When Hemingway returned to the United States in January 1919, he believed Agnes would join him within months and the two would marry. "[28] He and Hadley lived in a small walk-up at 74 rue du Cardinal Lemoine in the Latin Quarter, and he worked in a rented room in a nearby building. The surgeon tended the compound spiral fracture and bound the bone with kangaroo tendon. [60] The couple were divorced in January 1927, and Hemingway married Pfeiffer in May. (1989). [18], While recuperating he fell in love with Agnes von Kurowsky, a Red Cross nurse seven years his senior. (2005). [89] In July 1937 he attended the Second International Writers' Congress, the purpose of which was to discuss the attitude of intellectuals to the war, held in Valencia, Barcelona and Madrid and attended by many writers including Andr Malraux, Stephen Spender and Pablo Neruda. This was the separation phase of a slow and painful split from Pauline, which began when Hemingway met Martha Gellhorn. He later claimed, "I knew she was the girl I was going to marry. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works. Trogdon, Robert W. "Forms of Combat: Hemingway, the Critics and Green Hills of Africa". In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. [67], Hemingway and Pauline traveled to Kansas City, where their son Patrick was born on June 28, 1928. "Why Editors Go Wrong: '. Inside The Devastating Death Of Ernest Hemingway, The Author Whose Work Defined Americas Lost Generation. [187] According to Stoltzfus and Fiedler, in Hemingway's work, nature is a place for rebirth and rest; and it is where the hunter or fisherman might experience a moment of transcendence at the moment they kill their prey. Photo: Leonard McCombe/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images. [130][note 6], From the end of the year in 1955 to early 1956, Hemingway was bedridden. Ernest Hemingway is a highly esteemed American author. (1996). They settled in Key West, an island with a fishing port near the southern coast of Florida. "All you have to do is write one true sentence. In the bed of the river there were pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clear and swiftly moving and blue in the channels. It was co-produced and directed by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick. Benson, Jackson. The novelists fourth and final wife was journalist Mary Welsh. Did Ernest Hemingway have a family? [36] He covered the Greco-Turkish War, where he witnessed the burning of Smyrna, and wrote travel pieces such as "Tuna Fishing in Spain" and "Trout Fishing All Across Europe: Spain Has the Best, Then Germany". His boyhood home, in Oak Park, Illinois, is a museum and archive dedicated to Hemingway. In Spain, he got a taste for bullfighting and wrote his first nonfiction book, Death in the Afternoon, a look at the history and traditions of Spanish bullfighting. Gregory Hemingway, author Ernest Hemingway's youngest son who had a long history in Montana, died in a Florida jail Monday. Hemingway was hospitalized for seven weeks, with Pauline tending to him; the nerves in his writing hand took as long as a year to heal, during which time he suffered intense pain. [141] He was unable to organize his writing for the first time in his life, so he asked A. E. Hotchner to travel to Cuba to help him. He also often used bilingual puns and crosslingual wordplay as stylistic devices. [114], A memorial to Hemingway just north of Sun Valley is inscribed on the base with a eulogy Hemingway had written for a friend several decades earlier:[166], The New York Times wrote in 1926 of Hemingway's first novel, "No amount of analysis can convey the quality of The Sun Also Rises. "Actually I Felt Sorry for the Lion", in Benson, Jackson J. "Hemingway and Gender History", in Donaldson, Scott (ed.). (1996). Sixteen people have received all four awards many winning multiples of each trophy. Hemingway moved his primary summer residence to Ketchum, Idaho, just outside the newly built resort of Sun Valley, and moved his winter residence to Cuba. [106], Late in July, he attached himself to "the 22nd Infantry Regiment commanded by Col. Charles "Buck" Lanham, as it drove toward Paris", and Hemingway became de facto leader to a small band of village militia in Rambouillet outside of Paris. Author and journalist Ernest Miller Hemingway with his wife Mary . [180][181] Many of Hemingway's followers misinterpreted his lead and frowned upon all expression of emotion; Saul Bellow satirized this style as "Do you have emotions? "[145] He was, in fact, seriously ill, and believed himself to be on the verge of a breakdown. [32] He eventually withdrew from Stein's influence, and their relationship deteriorated into a literary quarrel that spanned decades. [101] They returned to Cuba before the declaration of war by the United States that December, when he convinced the Cuban government to help him refit the Pilar, which he intended to use to ambush German submarines off the coast of Cuba. Hotchner helped him trim the Life piece down to 40,000 words, and Scribner's agreed to a full-length book version (The Dangerous Summer) of almost 130,000 words. In less than a year, the couple married and took off to Paris, encountering a who's who of famous writers such as James Joyce, Ezra Poundand Gertrude Stein. Who was Ernest Hemingway married to when he died? [110] Later that year, he observed heavy fighting in the Battle of Hrtgen Forest. He was a good athlete, involved with a number of sportsboxing, track and field, water polo, and football; performed in the school orchestra for two years with his sister Marcelline; and received good grades in English classes. On awarding the medal, the Italians wrote of Hemingway: "Gravely wounded by numerous pieces of shrapnel from an enemy shell, with an admirable spirit of brotherhood, before taking care of himself, he rendered generous assistance to the Italian soldiers more seriously wounded by the same explosion and did not allow himself to be carried elsewhere until after they had been evacuated." Hemingway dedicated a book to each of his four wives: The Sun Also Rises to first wife Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, Death in the Afternoon to second wife Pauline Pfeiffer, For Whom the Bell Tolls . '", listing just two "apologetic articles on [his] handling of race". "PEN/Hemingway Prize Speech". [163] Medical records made available in 1991 confirmed that Hemingway had been diagnosed with hemochromatosis in early 1961. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable . It was the beginning of the end of Hemingway and Pfeiffer's marriage, although it took some time before they decided to make their divorce official in 1940. Blume on that odd episode in history and her book, Everyone Behaves Badly: The True Story Behind Hemingway . Author Michael Reynolds claims it was during this period that Hemingway slid into depression, from which he was unable to recover. [39], Hemingway, Hadley and their son (nicknamed Bumby) returned to Paris in January 1924 and moved into a new apartment on the rue Notre-Dame des Champs. His iceberg theory of omission is the foundation on which he builds. Literature Personalities, pic: circa 1960, Author Ernest Hemingway, portrait, pictured shortly before his death, Ernest Hemingway, US writer of. He was so depressed I cannot even say when he started to feel so depressed.. Mary passed away in 1968 inNew Yorkaged 78. [161], Hemingway's behavior during his final years had been similar to that of his father before he killed himself;[162] his father may have had hereditary hemochromatosis, whereby the excessive accumulation of iron in tissues culminates in mental and physical deterioration. [190] According to Rena Sanderson, early Hemingway critics lauded his male-centric world of masculine pursuits, and the fiction divided women into "castrators or love-slaves". When he was around 10 years old, he tried on his . Just like his younger sibling Leicester, Ernest was devastated by his father's death, but he tried to keep going with his work. - Ernest Hemingway Always do sober what you said you'd do drunk. For a while after the catastrophic event, everyone really believed in the story that Ernest Hemingway died because of an accident. By the time she was 21, after the lead in the rape melodrama Lipstick (1976), she had a budding movie career, a $1 million . The author wrote in a letter to Pfeiffers mother about his fathers suicide, Ill probably go the same way., According to the Independent, Ernest Hemingway told a friend after his fathers death, My life was more or less shot out from under me, and I was drinking much too much entirely through my own fault.. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. [226] Hemingway's childhood home in Oak Park and his Havana residence were also converted into museums. [77] While in Key West, Hemingway frequented the local bar Sloppy Joe's. [56] Hemingway himself later wrote to his editor Max Perkins that the "point of the book" was not so much about a generation being lost, but that "the earth abideth forever"; he believed the characters in The Sun Also Rises may have been "battered" but were not lost. When Hemingway was asked about the scar, he was reluctant to answer. Hemingway's polysyndetonic sentenceor in later works his use of subordinate clausesuses conjunctions to juxtapose startling visions and images. [152] Of the ECT therapy, Hemingway told Hotchner, What is the sense of ruining my head and erasing my memory, which is my capital, and putting me out of business? Sunday morning, July 2, 1961, Ernest Hemingway woke before the sun crept above the mountains in the clear, cloudless sky and knew it had to be done. [23] In Chicago, he worked as an associate editor of the monthly journal Cooperative Commonwealth, where he met novelist Sherwood Anderson. [150], Hemingway was checked in under Saviers's name to maintain anonymity. "[167] The Sun Also Rises is written in the spare, tight prose that made Hemingway famous, and, according to James Nagel, "changed the nature of American writing". Ernest Hemingway holds one of his beloved cats, whose descendants can still be seen today at the authors Key West, Florida home. He also uses other cinematic techniques of "cutting" quickly from one scene to the next; or of "splicing" a scene into another. Pauline and the children left Hemingway that summer, after the family was reunited during a visit to Wyoming; when his divorce from Pauline was finalized, he and Martha were married on November 20, 1940, in Cheyenne, Wyoming.[95]. We didnt talk about anything in particular.. [100] Hemingway went with her, sending in dispatches for the newspaper PM, but in general he disliked China. Hemingway sets the events in "Indian Camp" that shape the Adams persona. "Ernest Hemingway: The Life as Fiction and the Fiction as Life". Mary Hemingway, a foreign correspondent for Time and Life magazines during World War II and the widow of Ernest Hemingway, died early Wednesday morning at St. Luke's Hospital after a long. Her father, who had worked in the pharmaceutical industry, had committed suicide in 1903 the same fate that would end Hemingway. His most famous offspring are Jack, Gregory and Patrick - the first two have since passed away. Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. His most famous works include For Whom the Bell Tolls, A Farewell to Arms, and The Sun Also Rises. [85] He and Dos Passos both signed on to work with Dutch filmmaker Joris Ivens as screenwriters for The Spanish Earth. His parents were well-educated and well-respected in Oak Park,[2] a conservative community about which resident Frank Lloyd Wright said, "So many churches for so many good people to go to. Multiple strands exist in one story; an "embedded text" bridges to a different angle. Mike Conner v. He tucked his feet into the moccasins he used as slippers, fastened his plaid bathrobe over his blue pajamas, and stepped past his wife's bedroom, where Mary lay sleeping. In a career that spanned four decades, the Nobel Prize-winning author was rarely without a woman by his side. However, both projects stalled, and Mellow says that Hemingway's inability to continue was "a symptom of his troubles" during these years. "My True Occupation is That of a Writer: Hemingway's Passport Correspondence". [66] After his departure from Paris, Hemingway "never again lived in a big city". By that spring, Hemingway and Pfeiffer were married. Ernest Hemingway, "A Farewell to Arms" Dying was nothing and he had no picture of it nor fear of it in his mind. The couple lived in Cuba for over a dozen years and during that time, Hemingway fell in love with a young Italian woman, which would permanently damage his and Welsh's relationship. Ernest Hemingway holding a shotgun in his Cuba home. [198][199] Beegel found that "despite the academy's growing interest in multiculturalism during the 1980s critics interested in multiculturalism tended to ignore the author as 'politically incorrect. etchum, Idaho, July 2--Ernest Hemingway was found dead of a shotgun wound in the head at his home here today. [156] He had unlocked the basement storeroom where his guns were kept, gone upstairs to the front entrance foyer, and shot himself with the "double-barreled shotgun that he had used so often it might have been a friend", which was purchased from Abercrombie & Fitch. He termed his understated and economical style as iceberg theory and had greatly influenced the fiction of the twentieth century. Wells, Elizabeth J. [97] Descendants of his cats live at his Key West home. The completed novel was published on September 27. In 1980, a group of Hemingway scholars gathered to assess the donated papers, subsequently forming the Hemingway Society, "committed to supporting and fostering Hemingway scholarship", publishing The Hemingway Review. In his later years, Hemingway idealized Hadley as the perfect woman and their marriage as a kind of Eden. And in the decades following his demise, multiple members of his family died by suicide as well sparking rumors of a mysterious Hemingway curse.. Hemingway left behind a fortune of $1.4million. Earl Theisen/Getty ImagesErnest Hemingway published seven novels and six collections of short stories over the course of his illustrious career. Ed was a successful doctor and Grace was a former singer and music teacher. Like Hadley, Martha was a St. Louis native, and like Pauline, she had worked for Vogue in Paris. [76][note 3] Pauline's uncle bought the couple a house in Key West with a carriage house, the second floor of which was converted into a writing studio. Both were married to other people when they met, and both decided to end those relationships for each other. [147] The FBI knew that Hemingway was at the Mayo Clinic, as an agent later documented in a letter written in January 1961. Pauline 'Fife' Pfeiffer 4 Hemingway married Fife Pfeiffer in 1927 Credit: Alamy Married from 1927 to 1940 Born in 1895 in Iowa, Pauline was known to her friends as Fife. The two toured Italy in 1923 and lived on the same street in 1924. [104] The landing craft came within sight of Omaha Beach before coming under enemy fire and turning back. Hemingway would later romanticize his marriage with Richardson in his novel, A Moveable Feast. - Ernest Hemingway There is no lonelier man in death, except the suicide, than that man who has lived many years with a good wife and then outlived her. Novelist Ernest Hemingway and his wife Mary. Considered the most reviled of Hemingway's wives, Pfeiffer has been referred to as the "devil in Dior" as well as a "determined terrier" who was set on snatching Hemingway from his kind-hearted first wife. [133] In mid-1959, he visited Spain to research a series of bullfighting articles commissioned by Life magazine. In 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of four wives. Born in 1908 in Minnesota, Mary Welsh was a journalist on assignment in London when she met Hemingway in 1944. Public DomainErnest Hemingway in Cuba in 1954. Young believes "Indian Camp" holds the "master key" to "what its author was up to for some thirty-five years of his writing career". Eudie Pak is a Los Angeles-based editor/writer. Ernest Hemingway with his first wife, Hadley Richardson Photo: Ernest Hemingway Collection Born in 1891 in Missouri, Hadley Richardson was a gifted musician who spent most of her 20s.
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