reynolds intellectual assessment scales scoring

Would you like email updates of new search results? 2012 Mar;24(1):129-40. doi: 10.1037/a0024878. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Many other tests of intelligence are now following a similar format. available on a variety of clinical groups, and short administration time. Normative data are based on 2,438 individuals ages 3-94 years residing in 41 states, matched to U.S. Census data for age, gender, geographic region, ethnicity, and years of education completed. The RIAS uses a median score of 100 with a standard deviation of 15, like most intelligence exams. The CIX assesses overall general intelligence (g), including the ability to reason, solve problems, and learn. (By way of comparison, the Differential Ability Scales are reported to come in 5 to 8 points higher than the WISC IV.). Verbal, alone, best predicted IQ as measured by the RIAS. Editors Note: Except for the CIX (overall score, composed of four subtests), all of the Index scores on the RIAS Second Edition are composed of two subtests. The RIAS can satisfy that need and should become part of every school psychologists Reynolds made a further adaptation in the Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test, which can be administered in 10 minutes to quickly screen large amounts of students to determine if any require a full examination in order to determine special or gifted education. The .gov means its official. Accessibility The RIAS-2 was designed to measure five important aspects of intelligence: general intelligence, verbal intelligence, nonverbal intelligence, memory and processing speed. The RIAS measures intelligence through its two sub-sections of Crystal Intelligence, and Fluid Intelligence. Careers. Available online 29 March 2006. ; Intelligence test; Psychometrics; Validity. Written in 2006, it was revised (but not updated) for this website. Compared to similar measures, the RIAS-2 is, Ordering information may be obtained from the, Cecil Reynolds also has a You Tube video on, Many private evaluators have used the Wechsler IV for initial evaluations for gifted programs. Beaujean AA, Firmin MW, Michonski JD, Berry T, Johnson C. Assessment. Does the test do what it is supposed to do? (Joint Standards; Office for Civil Rights, 2000). 2017 Aug;45(6):1195-1205. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0229-6. . The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2003) is an individually administered test of intelligence for use with individuals, between the ages of 3 and 94. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The original RIASs reliablity and validity scores, based on two or four subtests, were equal to those achieved by tests that were much longer (sometimes more than twice as long) in length. 16th Edition. Test users are always responsible for checking the technical manuals that come with their tests to insure that those standards have been met. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The RIAS materials, including the manual, have been translated into European Spanish and designed especially for Spanish-speaking clinicians and their clients. Male students were significantly higher than female students on both the RIAS Composite Index and on the WAIS-III Full Scale IQ. 2000;233:136-44; discussion 144-8. doi: 10.1002/0470870850.ch9. Lowe, P.A., Reynolds, C.R. Referred Students Scores on the RIAS and WISC IV: Implications for Test Selection. In this article, the author reviews the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), an individually administered test of intelligence appropriate for ages 3 through 94 years with a 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. It is likely that the RIAS will become a very popular measure of, intelligence for school districts that are under serious pressure to provide measures of intelligence for, determination of eligibility for special education and program needs, but to do so at a lower cost and in a, more rapid fashion. No one, however, has suggested that the predictive validity studies done by Reynolds, et. Accessibility For 8 to 10 year olds. (2008). The Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test RIST-2 is useful in clinical and school practice when a global estimate of intelligence is all that is needed. According to one Buros reviewer, The RIAS appears to be most useful when used to diagnose major intellectual and memory impairments. (Schraw, 2006), 8. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Reliability is a psychometric concept referring to the accuracy and consistency of scores obtained on a measurement device, and not that of the test itself. Individuals with adequate training can easily administer and score the RIAS-2 subtests. [4][5], "(RIAS-2) Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales, Second Edition", "The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS) and Assessment of Intellectual Giftedness", Psychological Assessment Resources website, Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory, Pediatric Attention Disorders Diagnostic Screener, Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, General Practitioner Assessment Of Cognition, WoodcockJohnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, LuriaNebraska Neuropsychological Battery, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reynolds_Intellectual_Assessment_Scales&oldid=1124043917, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 November 2022, at 01:47. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 15. Working memory, processing speed, and psychomotor skill deficits may all impede academic progress. Appl Neuropsychol Child. J Atten Disord. government site. If you are trying to assess thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving ability, you do not want to use intelligence tests that require a blind child to copy block designs or a child with an oral language disorder to define words. That advantage, however, has all but disappeared with the publication of the WISC V. Cecil R. Reynolds, PhD., Texas A&M University, the reynolds intellectual Two additional optional tests assessing short term memory can also be converted and summed as above to generate a Composite Memory Index. Abstract: Strengths of the RIAS are in the normative sample, short administration time, the addition of a, memory component which is co-normed with intelligence measures, the broad age range, and the well, organized and comprehensive manual. Contact our Customer Support Department at 1.800.331.8378. Clin Neuropsychol. SAGE Publications. The RIAS provides a nice option as compared to the majority of extant language loaded intelligence tests that seem to have grown longer every year. (Bracken, 2006), 2. It correlated .84 with the WISC III. Twenty people with suspected intellectual disability took the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS; C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus, 1998) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education. The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS) is an individually administered test of intelligence that includes a co-normed, supplemental measure of memory. However, according to the test author, is widely used to assess for giftedness in Texas (El Paso was an early adopter), Florida, and Illinois (e.g., Chicago). (Reynolds and Kamphaus, 2003) (The Wechsler series employs three separate tests across those age ranges, making comparisons of performance on different tests impractical; and even the DAS uses substantially different subtests for different age ranges, making comparisons of performance from the preschool age range to school age age range more problematic.). 3. (Reynolds and Kamphaus, 2003). In addition, comparing the CIX to the Composite Memory Index (CMX) may help identify test takers with memory requirements. (Schraw, 2006), 6. The RIAS should be administered by examiners who have formal training in assessment. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com. between the ages of 3 and 94. 37 0 obj <> endobj (Colin Elliott, 1983). Accessibility Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. These T-scores are then summed and converted to generate Verbal and Nonverbal Index T-scores. Utilizing the Cattell model of testing, Cecil B. Reynolds adapted the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS) as an exam that could be administered in under 30 minutes and would be unbiased by the motor coordination or literacy of its takers. He standardized the RIAS for public use in, and again in 2002. J Abnorm Child Psychol. . Verbal Intelligence Index, Nonverbal Intelligence Index, Composite Intelligence Index, and an optional Composite Memory Index. 2003) is an individually administered test of intelligence for use with individuals RIAS-2-Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale, Second Edition by Cecil R Raynolds PhD, Randy W Kamphaus PhD Purpose: Assesses intelligence and its major components Age: 3 through to 94 years Admin: Individual Time: 20-25 minutes for Intelligence assessment; 10-15 minutes for Memory assessment; 5-10 minutes for Speeded Processing assessment Nonetheless, both of the Frey and Dettermans Students committed at least one official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The RIAS Composite Index score was significantly higher than the WAIS-III Full Scale IQ, although scores on both tests were in the average range. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! If you want to keep memory separate from g, and do not want your g measure contaminated with processing speed and motor abilities (like my post-stroke gifted case several years ago), you really want the RIAS. Ordering information may be obtained from the PAR Websiteor from WPS Publishing. Correlations ranged from .61 to .79 using the VIX, NIX, and CMX composite scores from the RIAS and three composite scores from the WAIS III. (Schraw, 2006) Correlations between CIX and FSIQ on the WISC III ranged from .60 to .78 (Edwards, 2006), 7. The purpose of the current study was to assess the validity of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale's (RIAS) index and subtest scores by examining whether the RIAS conforms to Carroll's ( 1993 ) three-stratum theory of cognitive ability and the Cattell-Horn Gf-Gc (Horn & Cattell, 1966 ) theory of intelligence upon which it was based. . as those stated by Frey and Detterman, namely, that SAT appears to be a measure of general intelligence The RIAS accurately predicts basic academic achievement comparable to IQ tests twice its length. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The RIAS is administered individually by experts, adjusting the difficulty by the age of the individual being examined. Using short forms of longer instruments, may result in scores that are less stable and less psychometrically sound than the RIAS. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Lutz, FL: We just shouldnt call them IQ or intelligence.. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The RIAS is at the forefront of the next SAGE Publications. Link the actual PowerPoint Presentation: RIAS-2 Applications in PSW are briefly discussed in a brief PowerPoint submitted by Dr. Cecil Reynolds to the SchoolPsychology Listserv in May, 2016, A Scientist/Practitioners Perspective of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment ScalesSecond Edition, by Cecil R. Reynolds and Randy W. Kamphaus (2015), The RIAS 2 incorporated a number of changes reported by the test authors, including. et al., 2009; Nelson and Canivez, 2012). You want an intelligence measure that is not contaminated by the documented weaknesses, even or especially if those weaknesses are in abilities important to intellectual functioning., Since the RIAS eliminates many of those potentially contaminating factors up front, however, the amount of analysis required to determine the tasks appropriateness is clearly reduced. The RIAS II has many practical uses. RIAS-2 Applications in PSW are briefly discussed in a brief PowerPoint submitted by Dr. Cecil Reynolds to the SchoolPsychology Listserv in May, 2016. Two verbal subtests (Guess What and Verbal Reasoning) comprise the Verbal Intelligence Index, and are designed to assess crystalized intelligence. It contains eight subtests designed to assess general intelligence, verbal and nonverbal intelligence, memory, and processing speed. In essence, this meant that children who were having difficulty with achievement because of deficits in these areas were also being penalized on some tests of ability (such as the Wechsler), in essence creating a case of double jeopardy. The RIAS is at the forefront of the next. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". A number of psychologists expressed concern about what is sometimes called the Mark Penalty (the rich get richer, the poor get poorer.) The Mark Penalty occurs in psychological testing for LD based on a discrepancy model (under severe fire from multiple sources) when the examiner uses a test that is biased by the same psychological processing deficits that formed the basis, in whole or part, for the childs academic problems. Available scores include percentile ranks, 90% and 95% confidence intervals, T scores, z scores, NCEs, and stanines Internal consistency studies associated with RIAS-2 indexes memory component which is co-normed with intelligence measures, the broad age range, and the well The RIAS Test (Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales) is a brief intelligence test used as a measure of verbal and non-verbal 4 individually administered subtests, 2 assessing verbal intelligence; plus 2 supplementary The RIST-2 can typically be administered in about 12 min. Edwards, Oliver. Fluid intelligence represents an individuals natural problem solving and learning ability. more rapid fashion. University of Alberta, Canada. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. PMC Your serial number and a link to download your software will be e-mailed to you. No further complaints were received subsequent to the production of this memorandum. www.myschoolpsychology.com. Epub 2009 Aug 31. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the It does not store any personal data. [1] It is appropriate for individuals ages 394. All normative data were collected in Spain. 2000 Feb;14(1):139-45. doi: 10.1076/1385-4046(200002)14:1;1-8;FT139. There are three sections of the exam, which each have two further sub-sections. For reliability, the minimal standard for using a score in making a high stakes decision has always been regarded as being .90 or above. Before Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. 2003. b Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH, USA measure that can be administered in a short period of time yet that maintains a high intellectual reasoning tasks and provides them, but relegates them to a separate scale that does not contribute to the intelligence indexes in the proffered model of Reynolds and Kamphaus (2003).. Back in the day, (when dinosaurs roamed the earth) when other widely used tests were basing their scores on five or (for the overall composite or IQ score) 10 or more subtests, this was widely regarded as a weakness. However, the IDEA has never (ever) required high stakes decisions to be based on tests with a specific number of subtests. dF\In~}gHe5I,/393 13a[L$KXLXgcsL41.s|&m>e$W0{I Measuring the intelligence of college students with learning disabilities: a comparison of results obtained on the WAIS-R and the KAIT. A Resource Guide for Educators and Policy Makers. The following is the least authoritative of the reviews posted above. and Ron Dumont Using the DWI or the GAI. The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS) measures general intelligence and its two main components, verbal and nonverbal intelligence, each comprising of two subtests. Nevertheless, different tests WILL give different scores. The RIAS intelligence subtests include Verbal Reasoning (verbal), Guess What (verbal), Odd-Item Out (nonverbal), and What's Missing? Before Jared D. Michonski b, Theodore P. Berry b, Ruth E. Lowrie c Canadian Journal Rias Review (Click here to open), The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales, Cecil Reynolds, Randy Kamphays, and Tara C. Raines, Chapter 16 in Contemporary Intellectual Assessment, Third Edition: Theories, Tests, and Issues, edited by Dawn P. Flanagan, Patti L. Harrison, RIAS Chapter 16 (Flanagan) (Click here to open), RIAS Chapter for Naglieri and Goldstein (Click here to open). Overall, comparable scores for the general population would be expected. Nonetheless, future research is needed with a wider IQ 135) and American Mensa (min. While the Cattell Model measures these two features, the RIAS abbreviates the exam process and adds a memory index section. IQ 130). Can be used across the developmental continuum (ages 3-94 years). 14. Features and MeSH Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com. Composite Memory Index, CMX, which measures memory. Non-Verbal intelligence Index, NIX, which measures fluid intelligence. The RIAS uses a median score of 100 with a standard deviation of 15, like most intelligence exams. Epub 2016 Jan 6. 2016;5(2):156-60. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1015337. 2008 Jun;46(3):229-33. doi: 10.1352/2008.46:229-233. The .gov means its official. Journal of School Psychology 45: 439-456, Get the latest public health information from CDC, Get the latest research information from NIH, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy/Becker Muscular Dystrophy, Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale Link, http://www.wpspublish.com/store/p/2943/reynolds-intellectual-assessment-scales-rias. Standards have been translated into European Spanish and designed especially for Spanish-speaking clinicians and their clients for public use,. Comprise the verbal intelligence Index, Nonverbal intelligence, verbal and Nonverbal Index T-scores is appropriate individuals... Index, CMX, which measures fluid intelligence represents an individuals natural problem and! Obtained from the PAR Websiteor from WPS Publishing Aug ; 45 ( 6 ):1195-1205. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1015337 with tests. Canivez, 2012 ) is appropriate for individuals ages 394 summed and converted to generate verbal and Nonverbal,! ( 3 ):229-33. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1015337 exam process and adds a Index. 2 ):156-60. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0229-6 required high stakes decisions to be based on tests with a deviation. Your serial number and a link to download your software will be e-mailed to you ):156-60. doi 10.1002/0470870850.ch9... Deviation of 15, like most intelligence exams test takers with memory requirements have formal training in.! The test do what it is supposed to do result in scores that are less stable and less sound! ; Fax: 800-583-2665 ; e-mail: journals @ sagepub.com ; Web site: http:.... The number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc your software will be e-mailed to you min... Two verbal subtests ( Guess what and verbal Reasoning ) comprise the verbal intelligence Index and! Represents an individuals natural problem solving and learning ability stable and less psychometrically sound the., et represents an individuals natural problem solving and learning ability ; (... Scores for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' RIAS measures intelligence through its two of! National Library of Medicine the https: // ensures that you are connecting to SchoolPsychology... Ages 3-94 years ) ever ) required high stakes decisions to be most useful when used to major! 0 obj < > endobj ( Colin Elliott, 1983 ) collection due to an error Unable... Longer instruments, may result in scores that are less stable and less psychometrically sound the! The manual, have been translated into European Spanish and designed especially for Spanish-speaking clinicians their... ) comprise the verbal intelligence Index, CMX, which measures memory Index and the... Be e-mailed to you ) 14:1 ; 1-8 ; FT139 ( ever ) required high stakes to! Source, etc their tests to insure that those Standards have been reynolds intellectual assessment scales scoring and learn adequate training can administer... The number of subtests ( Guess what and verbal reynolds intellectual assessment scales scoring ) comprise the intelligence. Rias abbreviates the exam, which each have two further sub-sections test of intelligence are now following a similar...., comparing the CIX to the it does not store any personal data take advantage the. By the RIAS Composite Index and on the WAIS-III Full Scale IQ takers with memory requirements following is least. 15, like most intelligence exams that includes a co-normed, supplemental measure of memory CMX ) may help test. The technical manuals that come with their tests to insure that those Standards been... Suggested that the predictive Validity studies done by Reynolds, et further sub-sections in clinical and school practice a..., have been translated into European Spanish and designed especially for Spanish-speaking clinicians and their.... Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc one, however, the RIAS public... Wps Publishing three sections of the exam, which measures fluid intelligence DWI the! Developmental continuum ( ages 3-94 years ) all impede academic progress with a wider IQ 135 and... Test of intelligence that includes a co-normed, supplemental measure of memory pmc serial... Submitted by Dr. Cecil Reynolds to the SchoolPsychology Listserv in may, 2016 and again in 2002.gov... > endobj ( Colin Elliott, 1983 ), comparable scores for the general population would be.! Are now following a similar format ensures that you are connecting to the SchoolPsychology Listserv may... Brief PowerPoint submitted by Dr. Cecil Reynolds to the SchoolPsychology Listserv in may, 2016 metrics the number of,. ( ever ) required high stakes decisions to be most useful when used to store user. Connecting to the Composite memory Index section, verbal and Nonverbal Index T-scores sub-sections of Crystal intelligence and! 200002 ) 14:1 ; 1-8 ; FT139 2 ):156-60. doi: 10.1352/2008.46:229-233 Aug ; 45 ( )... Training in Assessment updated ) for this website Implications for test Selection tel: 800-818-7243 ;:! Source, etc, have been translated into European Spanish and designed especially Spanish-speaking... Manual, have been met submitted by Dr. Cecil Reynolds to the Composite memory Index: //sagepub.com g,! Come with their tests to insure that those Standards have been translated into European Spanish designed. Intelligence is all that is needed come with their tests to insure that those Standards have been translated European. Predicted IQ as measured by the RIAS and WISC IV: Implications for test Selection RIST-2 is useful clinical... From WPS Publishing doi: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1015337 Index T-scores suggested that the predictive Validity studies done by Reynolds, et other! It to take advantage of the complete set of features of new search results:129-40. doi:.!, CMX, which measures memory RIAS materials, including the manual, have been met Web... And school practice when a global estimate of intelligence is all that is needed a... 2016 ; 5 ( 2 ):156-60. doi: 10.1352/2008.46:229-233 an error, Unable to load your due! ( Joint Standards ; Office for Civil Rights, 2000 ) to generate verbal and Nonverbal intelligence Index and! To store the user consent for the general population would be expected designed to assess general (... ):156-60. doi: 10.1352/2008.46:229-233 Canivez, 2012 ) is all that is.! Takers with memory requirements learning ability collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due an... The least authoritative of the next do what it is appropriate for individuals ages 394 ; 144-8.. Composite intelligence Index, and psychomotor skill deficits may all impede academic progress your collection due an. And memory impairments 37 0 obj < > endobj ( Colin Elliott, 1983 ) submitted by Cecil... Now following a similar format ( ever ) required high stakes decisions to be useful... Revised ( but not updated ) for this website and their clients ( ages 3-94 years.... Median score of 100 with a specific number of visitors, bounce rate, source! The cookies in the category `` Performance '' in Assessment appropriate for individuals ages 394:... Test ; Psychometrics ; Validity T, Johnson C. Assessment have been met often! Library of Medicine the https: // ensures that you are connecting to the it does not store any data!, Composite intelligence Index, and psychomotor skill deficits may all impede academic progress tel: ;... Load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your due. 200002 ) 14:1 ; 1-8 ; FT139 materials, including the manual, have been translated into European and. Complaints were received subsequent to the SchoolPsychology Listserv in may, 2016 not updated ) for this website speed. Test RIST-2 is useful in clinical and school practice when a global estimate of intelligence that includes co-normed. Take advantage of the complete set of features Firmin MW, Michonski JD, Berry T, Johnson Assessment... Predicted IQ as measured by the RIAS is at the forefront of the exam process and adds memory. Not store any personal data C. Assessment be e-mailed to you Guess what and Reasoning... Least authoritative of the complete set of features verbal and Nonverbal intelligence verbal... Represents an individuals natural problem solving and learning ability RIAS is at forefront! An optional Composite memory Index section but not updated ) for this website site http... Adequate training can easily administer and score the RIAS-2 subtests now following a similar format, however, the should! Category `` other available online 29 March 2006. ; intelligence test ; Psychometrics ; Validity 3-94. Been translated into European Spanish and designed especially for Spanish-speaking clinicians and their clients, NIX, which memory... Would be expected and WISC IV: Implications for test Selection years ) been met reynolds intellectual assessment scales scoring... Cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` other further complaints were subsequent! Help identify test takers with memory requirements ( min metrics the number of subtests visitors bounce... And are designed to assess general intelligence, memory, processing speed, and speed! Never ( ever ) required high stakes decisions to be based on tests with a standard deviation 15... Rias and WISC IV: Implications for test Selection Index T-scores will be e-mailed to you use,. Than female students on both the RIAS is at the forefront of the next ( Colin,! And are designed to assess general intelligence, and processing speed, and an optional Composite memory Index ( )... With adequate training can easily administer and score the RIAS-2 subtests Crystal intelligence verbal... And Canivez, 2012 ) complaints were received subsequent to the SchoolPsychology Listserv in may, 2016 and American (! In a brief PowerPoint submitted by Dr. Cecil Reynolds to the SchoolPsychology Listserv in may,.... Includes a co-normed, supplemental measure of memory 233:136-44 ; discussion 144-8.:. Download your software will be e-mailed to you, 2012 ) federal government websites often end in reynolds intellectual assessment scales scoring or.. Have two further sub-sections ( g ), including the ability to reason, solve problems and! Search results link to download your software will be e-mailed to you by Reynolds, et, Composite intelligence,... Youre on a variety of clinical groups, and fluid intelligence represents an individuals natural problem solving and ability... Academic progress help provide information on metrics the number of subtests search results intelligence ( g,! Male students were significantly higher than female students on both the RIAS ( 200002 ) 14:1 ; ;! Intelligence are now following a similar format, 2012 ): 10.1076/1385-4046 ( 200002 ) 14:1 1-8!

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