TIRS Blackbody Stability Later renamed, Landsat 1 became the first earth-observing satellite explicitly designed to study planet Earth. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. BUMPER_MODE = Landsat 5 or Landsat 7 scene acquired while the satellite was in bumper mode. HDT = High Density Tape These satellites contain two instruments, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). OLI_MISSION Since 1972, Landsat satellites have continually acquired data about the Earths land surface. RPI = Rumpin, Indonesia LUZ = Lusaka, Zambia DDDMMSS.SSH SRT = Si Racha, Thailand Of course, there is no point to data if it is not used. CLT = Chung-Li, Taiwan FULL = Full WRS interval SSR PN Test Sequence 5 = Landsat satellite #5 Several sets were framed and displayed in federal venues across the nation, including the underground hallways that connect the House and Senate office buildings in Washington, D.C. A part of the collection adorns the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters walls, an honor usually reserved for manned spaceflight mission photos or Hubble Space Telescope images. It collects multispectral or color imagery at 1.65-meter resolution or about 64inches. AAA = North America receiving site unknown 9 = No errors detected, a perfect scene Landsat 4-5 TM. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Northwest (NW) Corner Latitude and Longitude The collection provides 6 spectral bands and 1 thermal infrared band in 120 m resolution, resampled to 30 meters. Sentinel-2 is a wide-swath, high-resolution, multi-spectral imaging mission supporting Copernicus Land X = Sensor (T = TIRS, O = OLI, C = OLI_TIRS) The resolution is 60 meters per pixel in this false-color image, where shades of red indicate vegetated land and grays and whites are urban or rocky surfaces. Since 1972, the joint U.S. Geological Survey / NASA Landsat series of Earth Observation satellites have continuously acquired images of the Earths land surface, providing uninterrupted data to help land managers and policymakers make informed decisions about natural resources and the environment. 4 = Less than or equal to 64 equivalent bad scans, clustered Surface Reflectance Level-2 Data Products at a 30-meter spatial resolution can be ordered for Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Collection 1 scenes. Below are other science productsassociated with this product. L = Band was acquired in low gain mode Eumetsat has operated the Meteosats since 1987. Official websites use .gov A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. PS = Polar Stereographic A product summary statistics page is also provided for Landsat 1 9. HCA = Datron testing in California, USA Less mainstream uses include anomaly hunting, a criticized investigation technique involving the search of satellite images for unexplained phenomena. Landsat 8 is an American Earth observation satellite launched on 11 February 2013. 8 = Less than or equal to 4 equivalent bad scans, clustered Two approaches are used, one based on cross calibration between the two sensors using simultaneous image pairs, acquired during an underfly event on 2930 March 2013. New York London: The Guilford Press, Catherine Betts told the Associated Press (2007), Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, Timeline of first images of Earth from space, "First Picture from Explorer VI Satellite", "When was the Landsat 9 satellite launched? Coverage Maps indicating the availability of Landsat 8-9 Collection products are available for download. This 2021 publicationdescribes the research conducted into the science capability of Landsat 7 ETM+ data, while the satellite is drifting in orbit. TM - along-track direction OLI = Operational Land Imager The, The Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) is an optical multispectral push-broom sensor with a focal plane consisting of over 7000 detectors per spectral band. The Operational Land Imager sensor is built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation. Pliades-HR 1A and Pliades-HR 1B provide the coverage of Earth's surface with a repeat cycle of 26 days. AGS = Poker Flats, Alaska, USA SS.SSSSSSS = Fractional seconds N = No, a browse does not exist for this scene. In other words, a higher radiometric resolution allows for simultaneous observation of high and low contrast objects in the scene. -17.000000 through +17.0000000 Since 1972, Landsat has been collecting images of the Earth, with the early years of the program constrained by onboard satellite and ground systems, as well as limitations across the range of required computing, networking, and storage capa, Since 1972, Landsat satellites have continuously acquired space-based images of the Earths land surface, providing data that serve as valuable resources for land use/land change research. On February 7, 2017, the twentieth and final inclination (Delta-I) maneuver of Landsat 7 took place. Landsat 8 (formerly the Landsat Data Continuity Mission, or LDCM) was launched on an Atlas-V rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California on February 11, 2013. Values: The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a satellite-based sensor used for earth and climate measurements.There are two MODIS sensors in Earth orbit: one on board the Terra (EOS AM) satellite, launched by NASA in 1999; and one on board the Aqua (EOS PM) satellite, launched in 2002. OLI Shutter Integration Time Sweep Landsat 4, launched in 1982, was the first to carry the Thematic Mapper (TM). Depending on the sensor used, weather conditions can affect image quality: for example, it is difficult to obtain images for areas of frequent cloud cover such as mountaintops. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Number of decimal places will vary by dataset check collection in EE. The Operational Land Imagers Band 9 1.360-1.390 m on Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 detects thin, high-altitude clouds composed of ice crystals that might not be visible in other spectral bands. OLI captures data with improved radiometric precision over a 12-bit dynamic range, which improvesoverall signal to noise ratio. Values: NIGHT = Night scene, Values: The satellites are deployed in a circular sun-synchronous near polar orbit at an altitude of 510km ( 40km). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. FILM = Film KUJ = Kumamoto, Japan Landsat 9 largely replicates its predecessor Landsat 8. A digital image is an image composed of picture elements, also known as pixels, each with finite, discrete quantities of numeric representation for its intensity or gray level that is an output from its two-dimensional functions fed as input by its spatial coordinates denoted with x, y on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. AWE = Aswan, Egypt A long string of Earth-observing orbiters began with NASA's Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS). This is the best TIRS quality available. 0 = Worst The spatial resolution of its images will be 15 m (49 ft) for the panchromatic band and 30 m (98 ft) for the multispectral bands. An accurate estimate of each detect, The increase of tree density in forests of the American Southwest promotes extreme fire events, understory biodiversity losses, and degraded habitat conditions for many wildlife species. Optical Landsat imagery has been collected at 30 m resolution since the early 1980s. The latest news aboutLandsat activities and related topics of interest. MGR = Magadan, Russia SLC-ON (1999-2003), Values: The data are useful to a number of applications including forestry, agriculture, geology, regional planning, and education. TheThermal Infrared Sensor is built by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. KHC = KaShi, China CUBIC_CONVOLUTION = Cubic Convolution HH = Hour (00-23) After a pause of about 7 Find some of this satellite's observation in this interactive map! Satellite imagery can be combined with vector or raster data in a GIS provided that the imagery has been spatially rectified so that it will properly align with other data sets. LAM = Landsat Archive Manager 7 = Landsat satellite #7 A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. All Collection 2 Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-1 data are processed using the Landsat Product Generation System (LPGS) with the following parameters applied: Landsat Tiers are the inventory structure for Landsat Collection Level-1 data products and are based on data quality and level of processing. On November 23, 2021, the Landsat Archive that stores this vital record added its ten millionth scene. The forward motion of the satellite provided the along-track scan line progression. Landsat data in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) archive are being reprocessed to generate a tiered collection of consistently geolocated and radiometrically calibrated products that are suitable for time series analyses. Radiometric resolution is defined as the ability of an imaging system to record many levels of brightness (contrast for example) and to the effective bit-depth of the sensor (number of grayscale levels) and is typically expressed as 8-bit (0255), 11-bit (02047), 12-bit (04095) or 16-bit (065,535). Varying degrees of effort have been devoted to the characterization of these ins, The Landsat Earth observation approach introduced in 1972 created a new way of monitoring land cover and land use globally. TIRS Blackbody SS.SSSSSSS = Fractional seconds, Values: MODIS has now been replaced by the VIIRS, [citation needed] which Although these scenes only have 78 percent of their pixels remaining after the duplicated areas are removed, these data are still some of the most geometrically and radiometrically accurate of all civilian satellite data in the world. During the 90-day commissioning period following launch, several on-orbit geometric calibration activities were performed to refine the prelaunch calibration parameters. The Open access tab (when present) shows the 4 most recently published open access articles. SS.SS = Second(s) with a range of 0 through 59.99 All scenes in the Landsat archive are assigned to a Collection category. Later renamed, Landsat 1 became the first earth-observing satellite explicitly designed to study planet Earth. The JWST has a 6.5-meter (21 ft)-diameter gold-coated beryllium primary mirror made up of 18 separate hexagonal mirrors. ETM+ - along-track direction PCD = Payload Correction Data 7-8 = Good (minor quality issues and/or errors detected) OLI Lamp BILINEAR = Bilinear Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor was carried onboard Landsats 4 and 5. Landsat Collection 1 consists of Level-1 data products from 1972-2021 and are generated from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)/Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM)*, and Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner (MSS) instruments. In the early 21st century satellite imagery became widely available when affordable, easy to use software with access to satellite imagery databases was offered by several companies and organizations. YYYY:DDD:HH:MI:SS.SSSSSSS AA0 = North America receiving site unknown HAJ = Hatoyama, Japan Any difference in the response between neighboring detectors may result in a visible stripe or band in the imagery. Values: The four satellites operate from an altitude of 530km and are phased 90 from each other on the same orbit, providing 0.5m panchromatic resolution and 2m multispectral resolution on a swath of 12km.[14][15]. The 3 SPOT satellites in orbit (Spot 5, 6, 7) provide very high resolution images 1.5 m for Panchromatic channel, 6m for Multi-spectral (R,G,B,NIR). VisitLandsat 1-5 MSSfor more information. ASN = Alice Springs, Australia H = Hemisphere with N for north and S for south. Because the total area of the land on Earth is so large and because resolution is relatively high, satellite databases are huge and image processing (creating useful images from the raw data) is time-consuming. The approximate scene size is 170 km north-south by 183 km east-west (106 mi by 114 mi). Lunar ABN = Abuja, Nigeria Values: COA = Crdoba, Argentina VV = Version, Format: Values: This storymap collection allows users to view each satellite's heritage from Landsat 1 through Landsat 9 (Landsat 6 did not achieve orbit). The Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation built Landsat 9s Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2). Landsat 8 Underfly with Landsat 7: In March 2013, the Landsat 8 satellite was in position under Landsat 7 to collect near-coincident data for calibration activities. New and previously unimaginable Landsat applications have been fostered by a policy change in 2008 that made analysis-ready Landsat data free and open access. DVU = Dunaivtsi, Ukraine (1972-1992), 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, USGS Landsat - Earth Observation Satellites Fact Sheet, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-2 Science Products, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Collection 2 Level-1 Data, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Collection 2 Level-1 Data, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner Collection 2 Level-1 Data, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, HTTPS Download within 6 hours of acquisition, TIRS/TIRS-2 Thermal bands: 100 meters (resampled to 30 meters to match multispectral bands), Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG)Cubic Convolution (CC) resampling, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection (Polar Stereographic for Antarctica), 12 meter circular error, 90% confidence global accuracy for OLI/OLI-2, 41 meter circular error, 90% confidence global accuracy for TIRS.TIRS-2, Landsat 9 Data User Handbook (Coming Soon). MI = Minute (00-59) Explore research, stories, and images featuring the satellites. MSS - sample direction 1.2.6.4. [10] The 0.46 meters resolution of WorldView-2's panchromatic images allows the satellite to distinguish between objects on the ground that are at least 46cm apart. SLC-OFF (2003-present) LINE_START_ANOMALY = Line Start Anomaly (Landsat 3 only); up to one third of the image data is missing; quality ratings based on image data present. DCT = Digital Cassette Tape. LINEAR = Linear mode used to acquire all bands Missions . Several other countries have satellite imaging programs, and a collaborative European effort launched the ERS and Envisat satellites carrying various sensors. Go to. Band 6 senses thermal Privacy concerns have been brought up by some who wish not to have their property shown from above. SGI = Shadnagar, India Each of the individual imaging detectors contributes one column of pixels to an image. TRUE_NORTH = True North Values: An official website of the United States government. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Landsat is the oldest continuous Earth-observing satellite imaging program. TM data are sensed in seven spectral bands simultaneously. Measured spectral band edges meet instrument specifications in 12 out of 14 cases; there is ample dynamic range. Actual = The actual measured SSM position determined from the SSM encoder telemetry was used to process the TIRS data. Values: RAMP = Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project, Values: Thus, the ability to legally make derivative works from commercial satellite imagery is diminished. LXSS_LLLL_PPPRRR_YYYYMMDD_yyyymmdd_CC_TX, Example: LE07_L1TP_040033_19990929_20190822_02_T1, Format: 3 = Landsat satellite #3 EROS satellites imagery applications are primarily for intelligence, homeland security and national development purposes but also employed in a wide range of civilian applications, including: mapping, border control, infrastructure planning, agricultural monitoring, environmental monitoring, disaster response, training and simulations, etc. (p.850) examined global Landsat data at a 30-meter spatial resolution to characterize forest extent, loss, and gain from 2000 to 2012.Globally, 2.3 million square kilometers of forest were lost during the 12-year study period and 0.8 million square The data stream received from the satellite was analog-to-digital preprocessed to correct for radiometric and geometric errors. 2 = Landsat satellite #2 X = Archive data unavailable at EROS; only problem/bad data sources exist The launches occurred in 2011 and 2012, respectively. There are also elevation maps, usually made by radar images. Descriptions of Landsat 7band designationsandcomparisonsof all Landsat sensors are available. UTM = Universal Transverse Merc, Values: [1] The first satellite (orbital) photographs of Earth were made on August 14, 1959 by the U.S. Explorer 6. 3 = Less than or equal to 64 equivalent bad scans, scattered Image interpretation and analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using specialized remote sensing software. Note: All Landsat Collection 1 data and science products will be removed from USGS NA = Not Applicable (Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-on data. While these data meet the quality standards and have the same geometric precision as data acquired on and after April 11, 2013, the geographic extents of each scene may differ. Multiple records for a new_scene_id can be in 'S' status ERTS spacecraft represent the first step in merging space and remote-sensing technologies into a system for, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) - 1973, Landsat Adds to World Memory - October 2011, The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Orbited the Earth at 917 km (570 mi) in a sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit, Circled the Earth every 103 minutes, or fourteen orbits a day, Had an 18-day repeat cycle with an equatorial crossing time of 9:30 a.m. +/- 15 minutes, Acquired data on the Worldwide Reference System-1 (WRS-1) path/row system, with swath overlap (or sidelap) varying from 14 percent at the Equator to a maximum of approximately 85 percent at 81 degrees extreme latitudes. The Thematic Mapper (TM) is an advanced, multispectral scanning, Earth resources sensor designed to achieve higher image resolution, sharper spectral separation, improved geometric fidelity and greater radiometric accuracy and resolution than the MSS sensor. Some of the more popular programs are listed below, recently followed by the European Union's Sentinel constellation. How is the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Coastal/Aerosol Band 1 used? Beginning with Landsat 5, thermal infrared imagery was also collected (at coarser spatial resolution than the optical data). In this episode, we learn about the process that has gradually added millions of earlier Landsat scenes to the 50-year archive. MSS - line direction SAC = Santiago, Chile NSG = Neustrelitz, Germany particularly for dark landscapes, could increase the radiometric signal. GaoJing-1 / SuperView-1 (01, 02, 03, 04) is a commercial constellation of Chinese remote sensing satellites controlled by China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co. Ltd. Similarly Maxar's QuickBird satellite provides 0.6 meter resolution (at nadir) panchromatic images. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS GDS = Goldstone, California, USA SNC = SanYa, China NP3 = North Pole, Alaska, USA The other approach is based on using time series, The Landsat 8 spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2013 carrying the Operational Land Imager (OLI) payload for moderate resolution imaging in the visible, near infrared (NIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands. RETURN BEAM VIDICON (RBV) RBV have high spatial resolution and geometric accuracy but lower spectral and radiometric resolution. Satellite imaging companies sell images by licensing them to governments and businesses such as Apple Maps and Google Maps. 000 for non-earth imaging (calibration) intervals 001-248 for WRS1 and WRS2, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, https://landsat.usgs.gov/about_ground_stations.php, Sensor (C = Combined OLI/TIRS, T = TIRS-only (if Landsat 8 or higher), T = TM (if Landsat 4-5), O = OLI-only, E = ETM, M = MSS), Satellite (09 = Landsat 9, 08 = Landsat 8, 07 = Landsat 7, 01 = Landsat 1), Processing Correction Level (L1TP = precision and terrain, L1GT = systematic terrain, L1GS = systematic), Acquisition Date expressed in Year, Month, Day, Processing Date expressed in Year, Month, Day, Collection Category (RT = Real Time, T1 = Tier 1, T2 = Tier 2), Sensor (C = Combined OLI/TIRS, T = TIRS-only (if Landsat 8 or higher), T = TM (if Landsat 4-5), O = OLI-only, E = ETM,M = MSS), Processing Correction Level (L2SP = Level-2 Science Product - includes Surface Temperature (ST) and Surface Reflectance (SR), L2SR = Level-2 Surface Reflectance (SR)).
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