abnormal behavior google scholar

In M. M. Katz, J. O. Cole, & W. E. Barton (Eds. SL Bourgeois SR, Vazquez M, Brasky K (2007) Combination therapy reduces self-injurious behavior in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes): A case report. Turner Brown 2004b ). The increase in physiological variation induced by captivity will decrease the reliability of any experiment affected by the physiological measure, and will increase the number of individuals needed to achieve sufficient statistical power. JP Barnekow Wrbel Bandura, A. Strauss, S. (1975). Thus, animal stereotypies are predicted to correlate with measures of recurrent perseveration, and animal impulsive/compulsive behaviors are predicted to correlate with measures of stuck-in-set perseveration. ARBs are defined as behaviors that are inappropriate, repetitive and unvarying in either goal or motor pattern ( Garner 2005 ; Turner 1997 ). Unlike a stereotypy, each episode of plucking behavior is flexible and goal directed ( Sarna et al. Birds with high levels of stereotypy persisted with food storing, and birds with low levels of stereotypy gave up food storing ( Garner et al. The chapter examines the behavioral problems associated with mental retardation and drug abuse, as well as those associated with mental illness. Gluck New York: Pergamon. The second system selects and sequences goals, plans, and attention to salient features in the environment on the basis of internal abstract information that is not cued by stimuli (termed a cognitive-attentional set") ( Fentress 1976 ; Garner 2005 ; Norman and Shallice 1986 ; Toates 2000 ). Frith Dias . Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. . (2) Impulsive/compulsive behaviors involve the repetition of an inappropriate goal with variable flexible goal-directed behavior (for detailed review, see Garner 2005 ). Wayne Journal of Abnormal Psychology publishes original research contributions in the areas of Clinical Psychology, Developmental Neuroscience, Developmental Psychology and General Humanities and Social Sciences. Jian-hao and Li [ 9] proposed a method to identify abnormal behavior, such as robbery, fighting and chasing, in surveillance videos. A TW Garner Google Scholar 7. Only 50% covered the study, with all describing the study as demonstrating the biasing power of psychiatric labels. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 273285. 1991 ; Turner and Lewis 2003 ; Turner et al. Widiger, T. A., Trull, T. J., Clarkin, J. F., Sanderson, C., & Costa, P. J. Captive environments may interfere with these behavioral responses, and the resulting stress may alter many physiological parameters. CD 2003 ; Marashi et al. Meyer-Holzapfel Lewis Hempel, C. G. (1965). American Psychiatric Association. Thus, when an animal is housed in environments that render it unable to perform species-typical behaviors (e.g., nest building), which would normally allow it to control its environment and enhance homeostasis, it is likely to be under a state of stress ( Olsson and Dahlborn 2002 ). JJ The first system selects and sequences individual responses on the basis of external (e.g., visual) and internal (e.g., blood sugar) stimuli that are immediately present. These failures are apparent as software glitches in behavior. British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 393400. The purpose of this chapter is to consider the classification, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior. Again, some high-through-put behavioral measures show poor between-laboratory replicability despite good within-laboratory reliability ( Crabbe et al. (1987). Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 6887. JA Bursten When the term is used in this sense, abnormal behavior is troublesome behavior. Wolfer These predictions have been met in autism by correlating the severity of a patient's ARB with his or her performance on neuropsychological tasks that measure perseveration ( Turner 1997 ). Wrbel Sandson Good reliability does not imply good validity. New York: Seminar Press. H Willner Foundations of experimental research. For instance, the severity but not the prevalence of barbering differs between rooms in a facility ( Garner et al. We are also likely to continue proceeding toward more accurate classification based on truly scientific principles of behavior. . Partial correlation coefficients were controlled for the various internal controls in each measure. Childhood depression: A critique of the concept. R The article also benefited from the comments of three anonymous referees. Abnormal behavior often results when an animal is housed in an environment where it is exposed to chronic aversive stimuli, where it cannot perform behaviors normally essential to reproduction or survival in the wild, or where it cannot perform behaviors that would correct the homeostatic imbalance it is experiencing. 3751). Druss, B. G., Marcus, S. C., Rosenheck, R. A., Olfson, M., Tanielian, T., & Pincus, H. A. H Pedophilia is characterized by recurrent urges, fantasies or behaviors existing over at least 6 months and directed at children 13 years of age or younger. ), The classification of behavior disorders (pp. The features of abnormal behavior described above correspond to the phenomena of prevalence and symptom severity in human psychiatry, respectively. CJ AC Davison journal of abnormal and behavioural psychology is a peer reviewed medical journal encourages the publication of original research as research articles, review articles, case studies, commentaries, short communication, letters to the editor, etc. New York: Wiley. Litvin New York: Wiley. New York: Free Press. Jones Structural analysis of social behavior. The types of behavior that occurred include impulsive aggression, arson, attempted rape, and exhibitionism. Barbering is less ubiquitous across mouse strains. b) Captive animals show the same range of brain function as normal wild animals; however, this perfectly normal range becomes expressed as stereotypy in captivity. ), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (3rd ed., pp. . IJH G T ), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. Zielinski ), Foundations of abnormal psychology (pp. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). EO A measure shows internal validity when it measures what it is intended to measure. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). One fascinating aspect of many examples of abnormal behavior is the fact that some individuals perform it, while others do not, even when they are of the same strain, sex, and age, experiencing the same housing, husbandry, and handling, and housed in the same cage. : . Lerche (1984). van de Weerd Millon, T. (1981). . Applied multivariate analysis. DS Weisker In particular, it is currently unclear (1) whether or not the differences in brain function seen in animals performing ARB are abnormal, (2) which common behavioral paradigms are affected by ARB, and (3) whether enrichment does indeed improve the quality of behavioral data. 2001; 110 (2):297-308. Sarna The method recognized these behaviors according to the disorder of velocity, and direction of these behaviors. The heterozygous mouse exhibited a well-circumscribed syndrome of behavioral abnormalities, consisting primarily of a decreased fear response and an increase in defensive aggression, in the absence of any measured cognitive deficits. (1976). GP Psychological Review, 80, 252283. We found stereotypy in parrots similarly correlated with perseveration and inappropriate rapid responding ( Garner et al. . Widiger, T. A., Frances, A. J., Pincus, H. A., & Davis, W. W. (1990). . It is inevitable that those who turn away from psychological theories should return to the obviously firm facts of physiology, and to such the investigations of Pavlov and the behaviourists are a. Laing, R. D. (1960). Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality. Lariviere Davenport 1995 ) or even increased mortality of offspring (e.g., Srensen and Randrup 1986 ). R First Responders Guide to Abnormal Psychology pp 1318Cite as, 3 Rogers, C. R. (1951). Aspects of scientific explanation and other essays in the philosophy of science. These possibilities are illustrated in Figure 2 . Washington, DC: Author. 127181). On the futility of the proposition that some people can be labeled mentally ill. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 447453. MH Although this is widely studied, creating a solid definition has been an area . Augustsson O American Psychopathological Association, Psycho-Medical Society (England) Publisher. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 19, 371394. Follette, W. C., & Houts, A. C. (1996) Models of scientific progress and the role of theory in taxonomic development. Colleagues and I have found that barbers (i.e., hair-plucking individuals) performed poorly on the task compared with controls, and that the severity of barbering (measured as the amount of fur plucked from cagemates) was correlated with stuck-in-set perseveration measured by the task ( Garner et al. 2004 ; Wolfer et al. Handbook of behavioral assessment. Pravosudov H However, these data should be interpreted cautiously because the experiment was essentially unintentional. The chapter examines the behavioral problems associated with mental retardation and drug abuse, as well as those associated with mental illness. The new edition of Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology incorporates new directions in theory, diagnosis, and therapy, with much new material on cultural aspects of psychological dysfunction, on. In: Psychology. D DP This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. In this case, stereotypy would be an example of a maladaptive behavior. Hebert McLemore, C. W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1979). 2005 ), indicating that the measures have poor validity. Mischel, W. (1968). . Psychological Review, 81, 392425. Mench DS The goal selection system is required to make these kinds of decisions, while the response selection system is responsible for initiating the actual movements involved in playing the game. ISSN: 2472-0496. A., & Friedman, A. Potential impact of demonstrated correlates of stereotypy on commonly used behavioral measures in ethology, experimental psychology, and high-throughput phenotyping. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Volume 9. Mason Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. When we examined the latency to respond to the two choices presented in an extinction task in bank voles, we found that stereotypy was correlated with persistent rapid responding ( Garner and Mason 2002 ). Indeed, almost every widely used high-throughput behavioral task is potentially affected by one of the correlates of stereotypy, as detailed in Table 2 . Similarly, enrichment could potentially reduce between-individual and between-laboratory variability by removing the range of variation introduced by abnormal physiology, thereby enhancing experimental reliability and replicability ( Figure 1 ). . Thus, this period of aviary housing served as a period of enrichment. This article focuses on abnormal repetitive behavior (ARB 1 ), which because of its close connection to brain function, provides a specific example where these hypotheses may in fact bear weight; where a complete testable argument can be formulated; where potential effects on experimental outcomes can be predicted; and where areas for further study are clear. Sneath, P. H. E. (1975). ARBs in captive animals appear to involve the same mechanisms as ARBs in human psychiatry, which reflect underlying abnormalities of brain function. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 49, 198212. In L. D. Eron (Ed. Toates CrossRef This task has been adapted successfully for use in primates ( Dias et al. 2001 ). Bruner, J. W., Goodnow, J. J., & Austin, G. A. Begelman, D. A. J (1999b). Annual Review of Psychology, 34, 167193. . The gray box denotes the range of physiological variation that can be considered normal, and should be the target range for a valid study. Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought, which could possibly be understood as a mental disorder.Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal, this branch of psychology typically deals with behavior in a clinical context. Unable to display preview. Principles of behavior modification. H Dufour 2002 . G . Accordingly, we found that stereotypy was correlated with a greater persistence of rapid responding at the point where choices indicated acquisition of the extinction task, which in turn indicated a greater knowledge-action dissociation. Concepts of classification and nomenclature in higher organisms and microorganisms. The question then arises regarding how this association between ARB and perseveration might affect experimental outcomes. BC The authors invite students to search for clues, follow-up on hunches, evaluate evidence, and participate . Amphetamine-treated animals not only make perseverative choices but also fail to suppress rapid responding to stimuli when it becomes inappropriate ( Robbins 1997 ). A multidimensional scaling of the DSM-III personality disorders. C Psychiatric diagnoses and symptomatology. L Callard GJ Mench Martin Disorders of personality, DSM-III: Axis II. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. . 374402). Abbreviation used in this article: ARB, abnormal repetitive behavior. Opt Technique 35(5):1271-1275 ((In chinese)) Google Scholar Basavaraj GM, Kusagur A (2018) Optical flow approach followed by SVM classification model to recognize abnormal behavior of a crowd. A V Cantor, N., Smith, E. E., French, R. D., & Mezzich, J. ", Behavioral and neuroanatomical differentiation of response-suppression and response-shift mechanisms in the rat, Contrasting mechanisms of impaired attentional set-shifting in patients with frontal lobe damage or Parkinsons disease, Integrating nutrition: A geometrical approach, Structural and functional evolution of the basal ganglia in vertebrates, Arousal systems and attentional processes, Social grouping cannot account for cerebral effects of enriched environments, The Dalila effect: C57BL6 mice barber whiskers by plucking, Comfortable quarters for mice in research institutions, Comfortable Quarters for Laboratory Animals, Mouse Genetics: Concepts and Applications, Modifications to husbandry and housing conditions of laboratory rodents for improved well-being, Possible protective value of severe psychopathology against lethal effects of an unfavourable milieu, Functional genomics of sleep and circadian rhythm: Selected contribution: Circadian rhythm variation in activity, body temperature, and heart rate between C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J inbred strains, Multiple factors controlling behaviour: Implications for stress and welfare, Environmental enrichment: Effects on stereotyped behavior and neurotrophin levels, Environmental enrichment: Effects on stereotyped behavior and regional neuronal metabolic activity, Towards an executive dysfunction account of repetitive behaviour in autism, Behavioural persistence in captive bears: Implications for reintroduction, Stereotypy in caged bears correlates with perseverative responding on an extinction task, Somatic effects of predictable and unpredictable shock, Validation criteria for animal models of human mental disorders: Learned helplessness as a paradigm case, Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, Behaviour and the standardization fallacy, Ideal homes? Bayne A psychosocial alternative to DSM-III. 2003a ). Classification: Purposes, principles, progress, prospects. The psychiatric association's failure to meet its own standards: The dangers of self-defeating personality disorder as a category. 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. For example, measures of fearfulness show superficial reliability simply because the individual's environment remains constant, rather than because they are measuring a personality trait of the individual ( Miller et al. The types and incidence of these abnormal behaviors may depend on the species, its diet, and the environmental conditions under which it is normally maintained. For example, in the food storing literature, a common paradigm is to pilfer the animal's food stores, and to examine its behavioral response. These alterations have led to the widespread worry that enriching laboratory animals will have one or more of the following effects: It will fundamentally alter their behavior; change the outcome of experiments (hence, decrease validity); increase between-individual variation (hence, decrease reliability); and increase between-laboratory variation (hence, decrease replicability if different facilities use different enrichments).

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